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2022 Cities Questionnaire

  • Appendix - Adaptation actions
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Appendix B (Adaptation actions)

Engineered and built environment actions

  • Sea walls and coastal protection structures
  • Flood defence, such as flood levees and culverts
  • Water storage and pump storage
  • Sewage works
  • Improved drainage
  • Beach nourishment
  • Flood and cyclone shelters
  • Building codes
  • Storm and wastewater management
  • Transport and road infrastructure adaptation
  • Floating houses
  • Increase resilience of and/or diversify power/energy supply
  • Smart metering in households
  • Municipal water efficiency retrofits
  • Upgrading existing water supply infrastructure
  • Diversifying water supply (including new sources)
  • White roofs
  • Shading in public spaces
  • Cooling centres, pools, water parks/plazas
  • Cool pavement
  • Resilience and resistance measures for buildings
  • Hazard resistant infrastructure design and construction
  • Permeable pavements
  • Other, please specify

Technological actions

  • New crop and animal varieties
  • Genetic techniques
  • Traditional technologies and methods
  • Water saving technologies (including rainwater harvesting)
  • Water recycling/reclamation
  • Conservation agriculture
  • Cold food storage, preservation and/or distribution facilities
  • Building Insulation
  • Mechanical and passive cooling
  • Renewable energy technologies
  • Second-generation biofuels
  • Other, please specify

Ecosystem-based actions

  • Ecological restoration (including wetland and floodplain conservation and restoration)
  • Increasing biological diversity
  • Biodiversity monitoring
  • Afforestation and reforestation
  • Conservation and replanting mangrove forest
  • Bushfire reduction and prescribed fire
  • Green infrastructure
  • Controlling overfishing
  • Fisheries co-management
  • Assisted migration or managed translocation
  • Ecological corridors
  • Ex situ conservation and seed banks
  • Community-based natural resource management
  • Adaptive land-use management
  • Watershed preservation
  • Soil retention strategies
  • Other, please specify

Services actions

  • Social safety nets and social protection
  • Food donation and redistribution of food surplus
  • Municipal services to reduce food waste (including composting)
  • Municipal services (including water and sanitation)
  • Vaccination programs
  • Essential public health services
  • International trade
  • Other, please specify

Educational/Informational actions

  • Public preparedness (including exercises/drills)
  • Community engagement/education
  • Community engagement/awareness campaigns on the climate and health benefits of sustainable healthy diets
  • Engagement with retailers (including restaurants) to expand and encourage sustainable, healthy food choices
  • Early warning and response systems
  • Systematic monitoring and remote sensing
  • Undertaken source-related studies to understand sources of air pollution
  • Measuring days with extreme air pollution due to climate events
  • Measuring indoor air quality
  • Flood mapping
  • Heat mapping and thermal imaging
  • Landslide risk mapping
  • Sea level rise modelling
  • Real time risk monitoring
  • Other, please specify

Behavioural actions

  • Accommodation
  • Managed retreat/planned relocation
  • Soil and water conservation
  • Livelihood diversification
  • Changing livestock and aquaculture practices
  • Changing cropping practices, patterns, and planting dates (including crop-switching)
  • Citizen dietary shift
  • Use of non-potable water
  • Silvicultural options
  • Other, please specify

Economic actions

  • Financial incentives (including taxes and subsidies)
  • Insurance (including index-based weather insurance schemes)
  • Catastrophe bonds
  • Revolving funds
  • Payments for ecosystem services
  • Water tariffs
  • Savings groups
  • Microfinance
  • Disaster contingency funds
  • Cash transfers
  • Economic diversification measures
  • Financial support to expand local food production (including urban agriculture programs, community gardens, etc.)
  • Financial support to improve market access for local food producers
  • Other, please specify

Laws and regulations actions

  • Land zoning laws (including restrict development in at risk areas)
  • Land zoning laws to increase local food access (including grocery stores, farmers markets, community gardens, etc.)
  • Preservation of local and regional agricultural space
  • Building standards
  • Easements
  • Water use restrictions
  • Water efficiency regulations or standards
  • Enforcement of abstraction licenses
  • Law to support disaster risk reduction
  • Laws to encourage insurance purchasing
  • Protected areas
  • Fishing quotas
  • Patent pools and technology transfer
  • Other, please specify

Government policies and programs actions

  • Development of targeted plan/program to address hazard(s) selected
  • Disaster planning and preparedness
  • Adaptive management
  • Ecosystem-based management
  • Sustainable forest management
  • Fisheries management
  • Community-based adaptation
  • Disease prevention measures
  • Air quality initiatives
  • Public health policies to improve nutrition (including improved access to healthy foods)
  • Public policies to encourage citizen dietary shift to sustainable, healthy diets (including incentivizing purchase of low-carbon foods, plant-based or alternative proteins)
  • Municipal/jurisdictional food procurement policies that align with guidelines for sustainable, healthy diets (including school procurement, etc.)
  • Municipal/jurisdictional food procurement policies that support sustainable food production practices (including school procurement, etc.)
  • Other, please specify

No adaptation action in place

  • We are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
  • We are intending to undertake one in the next two years
  • We are not intending to undertake, specify why
  • Other, please specify

Other, please specify


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