CDP-ICLEI Track

A partnership between:

Introduction

Introduction to 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track

• 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track Questionnaire: We invite you to respond to the following questions of the 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track questionnaire. Responding jurisdictions will only have to report once per year, on one platform, to the following questions.
• CDP and ICLEI: CDP will use this climate data to provide insights for local and regional jurisdictions, allowing them to track their progress, benchmark their efforts with their peers and drive further action. ICLEI will support subnational jurisdictions with technical assistance and use this data to guide climate action, inform research and analysis activities and represent subnational jurisdictions in global advocacy forums to showcase local and regional climate leadership.
• Online Response System: Please report using CDP’s Online Response System (ORS), accessed via CDP’s website or the activation link you will receive. The User Guide shows all the possible question types that responding jurisdictions may encounter in the ORS. Please note, you must submit your response in the ORS, the system cannot accept responses provided in other formats (i.e., PDF or Word documents).
• Personal Data: It is important that you do not include the name of any individual or any other personal data in your response. For questions that ask for the positions of staff, out of respect for personal data privacy we are asking only for the position and not for the individual’s name or any other information relating to them.
• Additional Information: At the end of the questionnaire, there is an opportunity to provide additional information or context that you feel is relevant to your response. This field is optional and not scored.
• Data Quality: To enhance data quality and support analysis please note:
  • Any quantifiable data must be reported in the units stated in the column/question.
  • Numbers in your response must be reported in a way that matches the cultural setting selected on your My Account page. When inputted in the ORS, numbers will be displayed in a format specific to the cultural setting selected. The cultural setting determines which decimal separator or group separator is used, i.e. a decimal point or comma. For further information please see the User Guide.

Support and Resources

• 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track Changes Map: The 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track Changes Map provides an outline of key changes to the questions that comprise the questionnaire and further detail on the auto-population of previously reported data. Ensuring the reporting effort is not increased has been a priority consideration for the development of 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track, with any changes made to ease reporting, improve data quality, and reflect best practice on climate action.
• 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track Reporting Guidance: The 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track Reporting Guidance describes what information to provide, the required format, and where to find tools or further information to construct your answer. It can be accessed on the linked guidance page. Additional reporting guidance is available within the Online Reporting System by clicking on the help icon accompanying each question and through the expandable link below each question.
• Framework and Initiative Alignment: The 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track Framework Alignment Map provides an overview of the frameworks the questionnaire is aligned with and maps each question to the applicable framework. 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track is aligned with the reporting requirements of several frameworks and initiatives including the Global Covenant of Mayors Common Reporting Framework (CRF), the UNFCCC's campaigns Race to Resilience and Race to Zero, Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), the Sustainable Development Goals, ICLEI initiatives, C40 Cities, WWF One Planet City Challenge, and the NetZeroCities Initiative.
  • For 2023, CDP-ICLEI Track will be aligning with the complete set of reporting requirements of the newly published Global Covenant of Mayors Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (EAPP) in the Common Reporting Framework. See the Global Covenant of Mayors Common Reporting Framework webpage for the most up to date information on the Energy Access and Poverty Pillar.
• TCFD Guidance Note: The Guidance Note on the TCFD Recommendations for City, State, and Regional Governments provides an overview of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), the benefits of reporting against the TCFD recommendations, and maps the recommendations against the questionnaire.
• Accompanying Symbols: For certain columns and/or rows the symbol ^ will be presented, this is to indicate that the applicable column and/or row is a reporting requirement for the Global Covenant of Mayors Common Reporting Framework (CRF). For certain rows and/or columns the * symbol will be presented, this is to indicate that the presentation of the applicable column and/or row is dependent on an earlier selection within the question. The typical function of this is to present columns and/or rows of relevance where the responder has indicated that the data for the applicable field is available to report.
• Open Data Portal: The Open Data Portal (ODP) is an online data resource that allows the public to view all data publicly reported to CDP from cities, states and regions. Visualizations of data reported in previous years can be found here.

Feedback and Contact

• Feedback: You can provide feedback on the content of our questionnaires and supporting documents through our online Questionnaire Feedback Form. The Questionnaire Feedback Form is available year-round and in multiple languages which can be changed using the language selection tool. We are unable to respond individually to all feedback, but please be assured that all form submissions are reviewed and contribute towards our continuous improvement.
• Contact: If you require further support for questions that are not addressed in the reporting guidance, for accessing the Online Reporting System or for general inquiries, please visit the CDP Help Centre or get in touch with your regional contact:
  • Asia Pacific: [email protected]
  • Europe: [email protected]
  • UK, Africa, Middle East, Caucasus: [email protected]
  • Latin America, Caribbean: [email protected]
  • North America: [email protected]
• The ICLEI network can email [email protected]. C40 Cities can contact their regional director or [email protected] for help in compiling their response.

Questionnaire Pathways

• 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track is divided into three distinct pathways. These three pathways streamline reporting, allowing local jurisdictions to find the most appropriate questionnaire for their local context.
• Respondents will be recommended a pathway during the questionnaire activation process based upon their response to three jurisdictional attributes. Jurisdicitons are provided the flexibility to change their pathway if required. They can also return to their dashboard and change the pathway selected at any point prior to submitting the response.
• An increase in the pathway number is accompanied by an increase in the number of questions.
• The pathway selected does not affect meeting the reporting requirements of the projects and initiatives the jurisdiction is participating in and it does not affect CDP scoring or Global Covenant of Mayors badging.
• An overview of each pathway is provided in the table below. The complete breakdown can be viewed in the Questionnaire Pathway Map and further information can be found in the Questionnaire Pathways Guidance Note.

• As your jurisdiction is participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors you may be presented with additional questions (based on the new Energy Access and Poverty Pillar) and columns (indicated by the ^ symbol), dependent on the questionnaire pathway selected. This is to ensure your response aligns with the reporting requirements of GCoM's Common Reporting Framework. Please refer to the Questionnaire Pathway Map for further information.

• As your jurisdiction is participating in ICLEI's GreenClimateCities Program you may be presented with additional questions and/or columns, dependent on the questionnaire pathway selected. This is to ensure your response aligns with the reporting requirements of the GreenClimateCities Program. Please refer to the Questionnaire Pathway Map for further information.

• As your jurisdiction is participating in The 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Network you may be presented with additional questions and/or columns, dependent on the questionnaire pathway selected. This is to ensure your response aligns with the reporting requirements of The 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Network. Please refer to the Questionnaire Pathway Map for further information.

• As your jurisdiction is participating in ICLEI EcoMobility and/or EcoLogistics you may be presented with additional questions, dependent on the questionnaire pathway selected. This is to ensure your response aligns with the reporting requirements of the EcoMobility and/or EcoLogistics programs. Please refer to the Questionnaire Pathway Map for further information.

Acknowledgements

CDP and ICLEI would like to thank all entities that assisted in the development of 2023 CDP-ICLEI Track.

Module: Governance

Demographic/Geographic Data

(0.1) Provide details of your jurisdiction in the table below.

Change from Last Year

Minor change

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation, Mitigation, Energy Access and Poverty Pillars^
• NetZeroCities: Required
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested Content

Administrative boundary (column 1)

• Select the administrative boundary of your jurisdiction by selecting the most appropriate response from the drop-down options listed.

Next highest level of government (column 2)

• Select the next highest level of government. For example, if your administration is a county which is considered a legal subdivision of a state or regional government you may select the option ‘State/regional’ as the most appropriate.
• If none of the options represented reflect your jurisdiction’s context please select ‘Other, please specify’ and input the next highest level of government. If there is no higher level of government then select the option ‘No higher level of government’.

Next lowest level of government (column 3)

• Select the next lowest level of government. For example, if your administration is a municipality constituted of smaller local authorities you may select the option ‘Sub-municipal district’ as the most appropriate.
• If none of the options represented reflect your jurisdictions context please select ‘Other, please specify’ and input the next lowest level of government. If there is no lower level of government then select the option ‘No lower level of government’.

Land area of the jurisdiction boundary (in square km) (column 4)

• Report the land area within your jurisdiction boundary in km2. We understand that some jurisdictions may prefer to use the imperial measurement system, however, to facilitate the comparison of data we request that all jurisdictions provide their land area in metric units. Common conversion factors and online tools for conversion are included in CDP's Technical Note "Units of Measure Conversions".

Percentage range of land area that is green space (column 5)

• Select the range that most accurately reflects the percentage of land area that is green space in your jurisdiction. If you do not know this figure then select the option ‘I do not have this data’.
• Green space can be defined as land covered by vegetation of any kind on both private and public grounds. This also includes water bodies, e.g., ponds, lakes and streams. (World Health Organization).

Current (or most recent) population size (column 6)

• Provide the number of residents within your administrative boundary. Ensure that the figure is entered in a full format, for example, if the population is 1.87 million then enter 1,870,000.
• To support data quality, a notification will be presented in the reporting system when population figures or below 5,000 or above 50,000,000 are entered. The notification will request the user to review the figure to ensure it is correct, if it is correct no further action is required.
• Your jurisdiction population data may be found in the following sources: City Population, UN data, Global City Population Estimates (GLA)

Projected population size (column 8)

• Provide the projected number of residents within your administrative boundary. Where possible report a projection that is aligned with your jurisdiction’s main emissions reduction target. For example, if your jurisdiction has an emissions reduction target of 100% by the year 2050, please provide a projection for 2050.
• Ensure that the figure is entered in a full format, for example, if the population is 1.87 million then enter 1,870,000.
• To support data quality, a notification will be presented in the reporting system when population figures or below 5,000 or above 50,000,000 are entered. The notification will request the user to review the figure to ensure it is correct, if it is correct no further action is required.

Select the currency used for all financial information reported throughout your response (column 10)

• The currency selected here will be used for all financial information throughout your response.
• This should be your preferred currency to report financial information and not necessarily the currency of your jurisdiction, as for some jurisdictions this may not be appropriate for estimating some project costs.

Note for Cities in the United Kingdom

Select from the drop-down menu of column 1 the administrative boundary of your local authority.

One-tier councils:

• If Combined Authority select ‘Metropolitan Area’
• If Unitary Authority select ‘Municipality’

Two-tier councils:

• If County Council select ‘County/Province’
• If District Council select ‘Local government area within a metropolitan area’

Explanation of Terms

• Municipality: This is the most common form of local government and is responsible for administering areas often referred to as cities or towns.
• County / Province: Middle level administrative subdivision of a country/area.
• Federal district: Local government with the authority and responsibilities of all administrative levels below the national government. These heightened administrative powers are usually given to large or significant cities within a country/area, very often the capital city.
• Independent municipality: Local government with the authority and responsibilities of both a municipality as well as the next higher administrative level in the respective country/area. Exists in parallel to both municipalities and the next higher administrative level. We use the word independent when two bodies merge into a single one with both responsibilities and duties.
• Independent province: Province / County and at least one higher administrative level in the respective country/area. We use the word independent when two bodies merge into a single one with both responsibilities and duties.
• Indigenous Nation: The leadership of any community that self-identifies as an Indigenous community. Article 4 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that: "Indigenous peoples, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their internal and local affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions.”
• Intercommunality / Intermunicipality: Administrative level for a cluster of municipalities in one geographic area. This form of government is responsible for many local issues of infrastructure and maintenance.
• Independent intercommunality: An Intercommunality which also has the authority and responsibilities equivalent to at least one higher administrative level in the respective country/area. Exists in parallel to both other intercommunalities and the next higher administrative level. We use the word independent when two bodies merge into a single one with both responsibilities and duties.
• Local government area within a greater metropolitan area: A sub-tier of local government responsible for local services not overseen by the executive governing body (e.g., the City of London local authority within the Greater London Authority).
• Metropolitan area: A region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding areas (e.g., an urban area closely linked economically and socially, such as a commuting catchment area).
• Sovereign city-state: A state consisting of a sovereign city and its dependencies (e.g., Singapore; Vatican City).
• Special municipality: Local government with the authority and responsibilities of all administrative levels below the national government. These heightened administrative powers are usually given to large or significant cities within a country/area, very often the capital city.
• Sub-municipal district: Further administrative subdivision of a Municipality or Special city / Federal district. They are occasionally present in very large cities and are responsible for many of the tasks assigned to municipalities in other parts of the country/area.
• Town: An area with defined boundaries and a local government which is usually larger than a village but smaller than a city.
• State / Regional: Top level administrative subdivision of a country/area.

GCoM Guidance

GCoM cities are required to report "administrative boundary", "land area", "current population", "population year", and "currency used", as contextual information.

Please note that the population, land area and mayor's info on the global GCoM website are collected from the GCoM registration process. It will NOT be updated according to your CDP-ICLEI Track report.

Oversight

(0.2) Provide information on your jurisdiction’s oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities and how these issues have impacted your jurisdiction's planning.

Change From Last Year

Minor change

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• TCFD: Governance (Disclosure A & B), Strategy (Disclosure A & Disclosure B)
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required (column 1)
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13, SDG16, SDG17

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested Content

Select the processes that reflect your jurisdiction's oversight of climate-related issues (column 1)

• Select the processes implemented by your jurisdiction's government as it pertains to the oversight of climate-related issues.
• The drop-down options reflect different processes that are used to inform government on climate-related issues, factor climate-related issues in key decision making and assign responsibility for climate-related issues to those within government.

• Climate-related issues may include:
  • Climate risks and opportunities that may impact the jurisdiction
  • Initiatives to help address these climate risks and opportunities
  • Progress on climate goals and targets (CPA, 2019)
• Note: this question does not need to be updated annually, providing the information reported previously is still relevant in the reporting year.

Provide further details on your jurisdiction's oversight of climate-related issues (column 2)

• Provide further information on the processes and frequency by which your government is informed about climate-related issues.
• This can include information on how the government considers climate-related issues when reviewing and guiding strategy, major plans of action, and master and development plans.
• Provide details on how your government oversees progress against goals and targets for addressing climate-related issues.

Describe how climate-related issues have impacted your jurisdiction’s master/development planning (column 3)

• Describe how your jurisdiction’s master/development planning has been influenced by climate-related risks and opportunities and the time horizon(s) it covers.
• Specify if this includes any climate change adaptation and mitigation activities.
• Include the most substantial strategic decision(s) to date that have been influenced by climate-related risks and opportunities.

Describe where and how climate-related issues have influenced your jurisdiction's financial planning/ budgeting (column 4)

• Climate-related issues can affect several important aspects of a government's financial position, both now and in the future. For example, climate-related issues may have implications for a government’s capital expenditures.
• Provide details on how climate-related risks and opportunities have influenced your government’s financial planning.
• You may consider including the impact on financial planning in the following areas:
  • Operating costs and revenues
  • Capital expenditures and capital allocation
  • Access to capital

Describe the risks to your jurisdiction related to the transition to a low-carbon economy (column 5)

• The Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) divides climate-related risks into two major categories: the risks related to the transition to a low-carbon economy and the risks related to the physical impacts of climate change.
• In this field you are requested to describe the broader transition risks your jurisdiction faces that are related to the transition to a low-carbon economy. In question 1.2 you will be requested to report on the physical impacts of climate change.
• Transition risks may include:
  • Current and emerging regulation: Policy developments that attempt to constrain actions that contribute to the adverse effects of climate change or policy developments that seek to promote adaptation to climate change.
  • Technology: All risks associated with technological improvements or innovations that support the transition to a lower-carbon, energy-efficient economic system.
  • Legal: All climate-related litigation claims.
  • Market: All shifts in supply and demand for certain commodities, products, and services.
  • Reputation: All risks tied to changing community perceptions of a government's contribution to or detraction from the transition to a lower-carbon economy.

Opportunities and Equity

(0.3) Report how your jurisdiction assesses the wider environmental, social and economic opportunities and benefits of climate action.

Change From Last Year

Modified question

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• TCFD: Strategy (Disclosure A)
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required (columns 1-4); Recommended (column 5)
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG10

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• Wider opportunities and benefits are beneficial outcomes from actions that are not directly related to climate action. Such opportunities and benefits include cleaner air, green job creation, public health benefits from active travel, and biodiversity improvement through expansion of green space. (The co-benefits of climate action: Accelerating City-Level Ambition).
• Jurisdictions should be considering and evaluating the positive or negative impacts of climate action on residents. The evaluation results can be qualitative or quantitative and the findings will differ depending on the type of climate action that is being implemented. These results can help inform and develop targeted policies that help remedy pre-existing injustices and avoid an inequitable distribution of benefits from climate actions.
• Find out how to do an equity assessment in C40’s Inclusive Planning Roadmap published on the C40 Knowledge Hub.
• Find out more about analyzing the equity and inclusion aspects of your actions and measuring their equitable impacts via the Actions Analysis tool and equitable impacts guidance and tools on the C40 Knowledge Hub.
• Note: this question does not need to be updated annually, providing the information reported previously is still relevant in the reporting year.

Does the jurisdiction assess the wider opportunities/benefits of climate action? (column 1)

• Your selection will determine whether the column ‘Outline how your jurisdiction quantifies the impact of these wider opportunities/benefits’ will be presented.
• Indicate whether your jurisdiction assesses wider opportunities/benefits of climate actions and if so, is this assessment done for some, many or all climate actions.

Outline how your jurisdiction quantifies the impact of these wider opportunities/benefits (column 2)

• Evaluating the impacts of wider opportunities/benefits can help build a strong case for climate actions, create buy-in from decision-makers and help prioritize those actions that will deliver the most benefits (The co-benefits of climate action: Accelerating City-Level Ambition).
• The Urban Climate Action Impacts Framework suggests indicators that can be used to measure co-benefits.
• Tools that can enable your jurisdiction to quantify co-benefits include: C40 Benefits toolkit and Siemens City Performance Tool.
• If available, upload an attachment of your jurisdiction’s analysis of wider opportunities/benefits associated with climate action.

Describe the wider opportunities/benefits of climate action the jurisdiction has identified (column 3)

• Describe the most significant climate-related opportunities the jurisdiction has identified over the short, medium, and long term.
• Include a description of how these opportunities and wider benefits have impacted your jurisdiction across environmental, social and economic contexts.

Outline if and how your jurisdiction ensures the equitable distribution of climate action opportunities/benefits (column 4)

• Climate actions should be designed to ensure that their benefits are equitably distributed across the population (C40).
• If your jurisdiction is ensuring equitable distribution of climate action impacts, select the measures your jurisdiction is taking. If your jurisdiction is not yet taking measures to ensure equitable distribution of climate action impacts, select whether they are in progress, intending to or not intending to do so.
• Any ‘Yes, …’ selection drives the presentation of column 5 on how data is collected.
• The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognizes Indigenous self-determination and many associated rights. Federal-level policies may vary from country to country. Indigenous rights should be considered in all policies, including climate policies. For further reading on this topic, see the Status of Tribes and Climate Change Report (2021, US-focused) & UNDRIP resources from the Assembly of First Nations (Canada-focused). If your jurisdiction has processes in place for this, you may select ‘Yes, the jurisdiction is working to ensure climate actions align with UNDRIP and/or national laws pertaining to Indigenous rights’, and describe them in further detail in columns 5 and 6.

Outline how your jurisdiction quantifies equitable and inclusive distribution of climate action impacts (column 5)

• Explain the process of how and when data from your local community on equitable and inclusive climate action is quantified.
• Such data should enable the design and implementation of equitable and inclusive climate actions.

Provide evidence and/or more details on the actions your jurisdiction is taking to ensure equitable and inclusive climate action (column 6)

• Describe and/or give evidence of the measures your jurisdiction is taking that ensure inclusive and equitable distribution of climate action impacts.
• If you are reporting to C40 Cities, ensure you report at least two actions and specify the year in which each action took/is taking place.

Additional Information

Examples of how jurisdictions have taken findings from qualitative or quantitative equity assessments to address inequalities

Accra, Ghana: In 2021, following the launch of the Inclusive Climate Action (ICA) pilot in Accra, C40 provided support to the city to undertake a needs assessment to understand the nature of the relationship between the city administration and the informal waste sector, with the objective to:

• Assess the relationship between the informal sector and the city, leveraging existing work in the sector and highlighting opportunities that can support the goals of Accra’s ICA pilot.
• Assess the needs, challenges, and barriers to informal sector engagement with the city of Accra – including an understanding of what is supported by policy and identifying how the pilot and future work of the city can enhance previous work done in the sector.

Three workshops and one focus group discussion were organised to engage informal waste sector workers and associated partners on the one hand, and city team and associated partners on the other hand – to identify existing gaps and challenges, elevate opportunities and enablers, and help understand what roles identifiable city, regional and national groups can play in strengthening the city’s engagement with informal waste sector workers. The outcome of this process is a needs assessment report which details the barriers to relationship building, and actions that the next phase of the ICA programme can take to deliver its ambitions.

The needs assessment and capacity building sessions have supported the creation of a safe space to facilitate city-informal waste sector interactions based on strategic objectives of relationship building for climate resilience. Additionally, the city is witnessing an enhanced understanding of the position of the informal waste sector in delivering inclusive climate action, and an enhanced understanding of the opportunities for strengthening city-informal waste sector collaboration. This work also informed the development of the 2022 policy framework to serve as a guide for policy development in Accra. This will reflect all the elements required for informed and inclusionary policies and will highlight the needs of the informal sector including safeguarded livelihoods, social protection, fair income, and awareness of issues around migration and gender. More information can be found here.

Johannesburg, South Africa: Johannesburg conducted a quantitative economic and labor market assessment in collaboration with C40 Cities in 2022. Through the assessment the city identified opportunities to invest mitigation and adaptation actions outlined in the Climate Action Plan that support the transition from coal to renewable energy, which could create over 417,000 green jobs in the city by 2030. The report identified that female participation is lower in energy and transport sectors and suggested that the new jobs created should ensure opening more equitable opportunities for historically marginalized groups. The research also identified the risk of youth unemployment and unemployment of previously disadvantaged individuals could trigger negative impacts on Johannesburg's economy. The assessment outlines some policy recommendations to mitigate climate action implementation risk by suggesting workforce development or job placement programmes, equitable tax incentives and social safety net improvement. Reflecting on the findings that the energy and buildings sector offered the greatest potential for green jobs creation, the city has since initiated a Green Buildings Skills Training. This training will be rolled out to at least 55 municipal staff to empower them with the knowledge needed to improve compliance with the City’s Green Building Policy. Improving the city’s institutional capacity is a key step towards achieving the target for all new buildings to be net-zero carbon by 2030, as committed to in its Climate Action Plan. There is a special focus to ensure that female staff are equally represented in the training. More information can be found here.

London, UK: The Mayor of London’s Green New Deal, its green recovery programme aims to tackle the climate and ecological emergencies and improve air quality by doubling the size of London’s green economy by 2030 to accelerate job creation for all. As part of this effort the Mayor’s Green New Deal Fund will allocate up to £10 million in its first year to support projects that help achieve this ambition. One such project is the recently launched Future Neighbourhoods 2030 project. To inform this project, the city commissioned climate vulnerability mapping that takes account of risk of heat exposure, air pollution, flooding, access to green spaces, as well as social characteristics such as age, unemployment and poverty rates cross London. Informed by this assessment, the city has identified 2-4 neighbourhoods & community initiatives within the highest risk areas that will receive £7.5m of the Fund through Future Neighbourhoods. With a thorough socio-economic and climate risk equity assessment continuing between 2021-2024, London is demonstrating how its climate actions are being designed in an inclusive way whilst considering a strong approach to deliver equitable distribution of impacts on its communities.

Multilevel Governance

(0.4) Report on your engagement with other levels of government regarding your jurisdiction's climate action.

Change From Last Year

Minor change

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG17

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• Critical to achieving the credible, just, and ambitious commitments required to avoid a climate catastrophe is effective multilevel governance and coordination: collaboration, communication, and engagement among all levels of government (GCoM, 2021). This question is requesting information regarding your jurisdiction’s engagement and coordination with other levels of government on key climate actions.
• Note: this question does not need to be updated annually, providing the information reported previously is still relevant in the reporting year.

Climate component (column 1)

• Select the climate action component for which you are reporting your engagement with other levels of government. The focus of this question is on engagement regarding key climate action assessments, plans and targets. However, engagement on other climate action areas can also be reported on by selecting ‘Other, please specify’ and indicating the applicable area in the text box that is presented.
• Your selection in this column determines the presentation of column 2 and column 3. If you select any option other than ‘Not engaging with other levels of governments regarding climate action’ you will be presented with column 2 and 3.

Outline the purpose of this engagement (column 3)

• Listed are common purposes as to why local and regional governments will engage with other levels of government (both horizontal and/or vertical) on climate action.
• This includes requirements placed upon local governments established by national governments, for example the requirements to create an emission inventory, or establish an emissions reduction target.
• This also includes engagement whose purpose is to facilitate integration of the local and regional governments climate actions into Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and/or National Adaptation Plan (NAP) considerations.
• Other listed purposes address engagement whose purpose is to support progress tracking, data collection, information sharing and capacity building across the applicable levels of government.

Comment (column 4)

• If the development of a particular component is required by a higher level of government please provide the name of the law, regulation and/or agreement and where possible a link to the document.
• If a publicly accessible digital platform is in place to support engagement between different levels of governments and progress tracking, please provide a link to that platform.

Additional Information

Multilevel Climate Action Playbook for Local and Regional Governments

• The Multilevel Climate Action Playbook for Local and Regional Governments recommends key elements of an enabling environment that can weave climate ambition and action of local and regional governments into Party policy developments to accelerate vertically integrated NDC implementation and investment plans.

Vertically Integrated Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems

• Vertically Integrated Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems are an example of effective multi-level governance. While there are various approaches that can be used common purposes include supporting the monitoring of emissions and climate actions across levels of governments. The systems address communication, coordination, shared methods and responsibilities between two or more levels of government along various administrative tiers. Having a vertically integrated MRV system enables shared responsibilities, ideally with clearly defined roles for each level of government, with consideration of their respective (required) resources, objectives and mandates.
• To address these challenges, it is suggested that national governments integrate their national MRV system vertically with data and/or MRV systems of subnational governments in their country/area. Many national MRV systems do not include subnational governance bodies in any substantial way.
• The report Typical Challenges for Vertically Integrated Measurement, Reporting and Verification Systems of Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides an overview of the most common barriers and constraints for an effective implementation of a national vertically integrated MRV System. Included are recommendations on how these common barriers can be overcome in order to close the existing vertical gap in a more effective way (ICLEI, 2021).

Collaborative Actions

(0.5) Report your jurisdiction's most significant examples of collaboration with government, business, and/or civil society on climate-related issues.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG17

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• This question aims to understand how your jurisdiction collaborates with government or other public bodies, business, or civil society on climate-related issues.
• You are requested to report examples of your jurisdiction’s most significant examples of collaboration with governments, businesses, and/or civil society on climate-related issues. If you wish to provide further examples you can do so by adding additional rows.
• According to the UN, "A successful sustainable development agenda requires partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society. These inclusive partnerships built upon principles and values, a shared vision, and shared goals that place people and the planet at the centre, are needed at the global, regional, national and local level." (SDG Tracker)

Primary entity collaborated with (column 1)

• Select the primary entity for which your jurisdiction has been collaborating with on climate-related issues.
• If you have engaged with different entities for the specific example being reported, you will be able to report these in the column ‘Other entities collaborated with’.
• If your jurisdiction has not yet collaborated with other entities on climate-related issues, select any option from the 'No significant examples of collaboration to report' group of options. If this selection is made you will not be presented with the subsequent columns as indicated by the * symbol.
• If you select the option ‘Not intending to collaborate’ please briefly explain in the text box presented why and what the barriers are to collaborating with your jurisdiction’s partners.
• Note the following for clarification:
  • National and regional governments include governmental departments.
  • Public authorities are publicly funded bodies that deliver a service, such as a national health service, a public utility service, or a municipal waste management service.
  • A trade/labor union is an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further the workers’ rights and interests.
  • An industry trade group, or trade/business association, is an organization founded or funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. They are often powerful lobbying groups, with analysis performed by InfluenceMap finding that they often conduct most of the effective climate policy engagement and lobbying in their respective regions, more so than individual businesses.

Additional Information

• Further information about developing successful collaborations between cities and private sector can be found in the City-Business Climate Alliance Guide.
• The CBCA Guide is designed for city governments who want to work with their local business community to address the challenges of climate change. The guide draws on the real-world examples of Helsinki, Boston, London and Paris to walk through the key steps and phases to establish a CBCA.

Example Response

For explanatory purposes, a sample answer to this question is included below.

Module: Assessment

Climate Risk and Vulnerability

(1.1) Has a climate risk and vulnerability assessment been undertaken for your jurisdiction? If not, please indicate why.

Change From Last Year

No change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation Pillar^
• TCFD: Risk Management (Disclosure A)
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Select one of the following options:

• Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken
• No, but we are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
• No, but we are intending to undertake one in the next two years
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity and expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to other higher priorities
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to a reason not listed above, please specify

Requested Content

General

• Indicate whether your jurisdiction has undertaken a climate change risk or vulnerability assessment by selecting the most relevant option from the drop-down menu.
• A climate change risk and vulnerability assessment is used to determine the nature and extent of risks posed by climate change.
• This is done by analyzing potential future climate hazards and evaluating existing vulnerabilities to understand the seriousness of the potential impacts on people, assets, services, livelihoods and the environment.
• If your jurisdiction has not undertaken a climate change risk or vulnerability assessment, then select the appropriate ‘No’ option which indicates your jurisdiction's intention to conduct one.
• If you select ‘Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken’ you will be presented with question 1.1a.

Resources

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Chapter 5, “Risk and Vulnerability Assessment” of the Common Reporting Framework, indicates that "Local governments shall prepare and submit a climate risk and vulnerability assessment within two years after committing to GCoM"

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM "Adaptation-Assessment badge". Please don't leave this question blank. If your RVA has been completed this year and is due to be published in 2023, you can select "Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken".

(1.1a) Provide details on your climate risk and vulnerability assessment.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken’ is selected in response to 1.1.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Columns 1-5
• Pathway 2 and 3: Columns 1-7

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation Pillar^
• TCFD: Risk Management (Disclosure A, B, C)
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required (columns 1 - 5)
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG11, SDG13

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Global Covenant of Mayors

• Cities participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors will be presented with the complete question.

GreenClimateCities Program

• Cities participating in the GreenClimateCities Program will be presented with the complete question.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• For resources on climate risk and vulnerability assessments, see the reporting guidance for 1.1.

Assessment attachment and/or direct link (column 1)

• If a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken, please attach this document here. Click on ‘Choose file’, navigate to the file you want to upload and click ‘Open’. Once you can see the file name in the text field click ‘Attach’ to attach the document.
• If you would like to provide a web link to your jurisdiction’s climate change risk or vulnerability assessment in addition to/or instead of attaching the document, please add the link here.

Confirm attachment/link provided to assessment (column 2)

• Select the appropriate option from the list of the presented options. For example, if you have attached the file in column 1 you will make the selection ‘The assessment has been attached’.
• Providing access to your jurisdiction’s climate change risk and vulnerability assessment is a key item for multiple projects, initiatives and data users for assessment and validation purposes. The purpose of this column is to ensure that jurisdictions who have reported they have undertaken a climate risk and vulnerability assessment have provided access to the assessment or have indicated that they cannot.
• Selecting an option in this column is mandatory in order for you to be able to submit your response.

Boundary of assessment relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 3)

• Indicate the boundary of your assessment relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• If a boundary option other than ‘Same (jurisdiction-wide) – covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ is selected a text box will be presented. Please provide a brief justification of boundary additions/exclusions in comparison with your jurisdiction’s boundary in the text box. If your risk assessment covers the entire jurisdiction and nothing else, you won’t be requested to provide an explanation here. For example, if the boundary is smaller or larger indicate the population that is covered by the assessment if this is different from the population reported in 0.1.

Year of publication or approval (column 4)

• Please state the year that your climate change risk or vulnerability assessment was published or approved by the jurisdiction’s government.

Factors considered in assessment (column 5)

• Select the applicable aspects addressed during the process of carrying out the risk or vulnerability assessment for your jurisdiction. Factors considered may include:
  • Vulnerable populations: This includes individuals or groups of people who are less able than the general population to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters. Vulnerable populations may be described by race or ethnicity, culture, socio-economic status, geography, gender, disability, and age, or other characteristic, and may be disproportionally likely to be affected by climate hazards. Further information on this can be reported in column 7.
  • Vulnerable geographic areas: As exposure to climate hazards is highly influenced by geographical location indicate if vulnerable geographic areas in the jurisdiction were considered during the assessment. Further information on this can be reported in column 7.
  • Transition risks: Transition risks are risks related to the transition to a low-carbon economy. These risks can include changes in tax revenue mix and sources, resulting in decreased revenues for jurisdictions, costs to transition to lower emissions technology related to the pricing of assets (e.g., fossil fuel reserves, land valuations, securities valuations) etc. Further information on this can be reported in column 7.

Primary author(s) of assessment (column 6)

• Indicate the main author(s) predominately responsible for carrying out the risk and vulnerability assessment for your jurisdiction.
• If you select the option ‘Other, please specify’ do not include any personal data (i.e., any information that relates to an identified or identifiable living individual).

Please explain (column 7)

• Describe the processes for prioritizing and managing climate hazards, including how decisions are made to mitigate, transfer, accept, or control those hazards.
• Describe if and how the processes for assessing and managing climate hazards are integrated into your jurisdiction's overall risk management processes.
• Provide any further information on your jurisdiction’s climate change risk and vulnerability assessment. This can include information on the primary process or methodology used to undertake the risk and vulnerability assessment of your jurisdiction, or more information on factors considered in the assessment.

Example Response

For explanatory purposes, a sample answer to this question is included below.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Chapter 5, “Risk and Vulnerability Assessment” of the Common Reporting Framework, indicates that RVA assessments shall include the following information:

• The boundary of assessment (boundary of assessment shall be equal to or greater than the city boundary), including the local government(s) name(s)
• Year of approval from local government
• Data sources
• A glossary of key terms and definitions
• Leading/coordinating team in the city terminologies and definitions used in the reports shall be consistent with those used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) or any update following the AR5 and national frameworks/requirements.

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM "Adaptation-Assessment badge". All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

Climate hazards

(1.2) Provide details on the most significant climate hazards faced by your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Columns 1-5
• Pathway 2 and 3: Columns 1-11

Global Covenant of Mayors

• Cities participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors will be presented with the complete question.

GreenClimateCities Program

• Cities participating in the GreenClimateCities Program will be presented with the complete question.

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation Pillar^
• TCFD: Strategy (Disclosure A & B), Metrics and targets (Disclosure A)
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(Columns 2 -11 are only presented if a climate-related hazards is selected in column 1.)

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• Please report the most significant physical climate-related hazard in this question.
• The hazards reported should be those which may pose inherently significant impacts to your jurisdiction regardless of whether your jurisdiction has taken action to mitigate risk(s).
  • If actions have been taken to mitigate these risks it is recommended that, where possible, jurisdictions report on this in 8.1.
• If you select the option 'No significant climate-related hazards, please specify why' you will not be presented with the subsequent columns in this question.
• For guidance on how to qualitatively evaluate the risks posed by various climate hazards please see C40’s Action Selection and Prioritisation (ASAP) Process Guide (pages 18-19). Additional resources for assessing climate hazards may be found in the reporting guidance for 1.1.

Climate-related hazards (column 1)

• Physical climate hazards are short-, medium-, or long-term climate events that have the potential to cause damage or harm to humans and natural systems. These include meteorological, climatological, hydrological, geophysical or biological events (C40).
• Indicate the climate hazards that your jurisdiction experiences either currently or in the future. It is only necessary to select the most significant hazards that your jurisdiction experiences.
• The list of climate hazards is not exhaustive. Select those which most capture the hazards your jurisdiction faces. Should the climate hazard your jurisdiction faces not fit under any listed, select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the climate hazard into the text box presented. More details on the hazard may be provided in the 'Comment' column. The following guidance may help your selection:
  • Extreme heat; Extreme cold: includes (where relevant) extreme hot/cold days, heat/cold waves, and the urban heat island effect.
  • Water stress: refers to the ability, or lack thereof, to meet human and ecological demand for fresh water. Water stress hazards may include water availability, water quality, and the accessibility of water (i.e. whether people are able to make use of physically-available water supplies), which is often a function of the sufficiency of infrastructure and the affordability of water among other things (based on the CEO Water Mandate’s definition of water stress).
  • Urban flooding; River flooding; Coastal flooding: includes (where relevant) types of flooding such as groundwater flooding, pluvial (flash/surface flooding), tidal inundation and sea level rise.
  • Other coastal events: includes other hazards that impact the coast and coastal communities such as saltwater intrusion and coastal erosion.
  • Extreme wind: includes extreme events such as tornados.
  • Storm: includes violent atmospheric disturbances not classed as a hurricane, cyclone, or typhoon, such as rainstorms, tropical storms, thunder/lightning/electrical storms, squalls, sand/dust storms, blizzards, hailstorms, or snowstorms.
  • Mass movement: includes hazards such as landslides, avalanches, rock falls, subsidence, or solifluction (mass movement related to freeze-thaw activity).
  • Other forms of climate-induced landscape shift/degradation: includes ecosystem/region shifts, permafrost thawing, and desertification.
  • Infectious disease: includes water-borne, vector-born, and air-borne diseases.
• You can only select and report on one hazard at a time, to select and report on further hazards you can select the ‘Add row’ button in the reporting system.

Vulnerable population groups most exposed (column 2)

• Select the vulnerable population groups that are expected to be most affected by future hazards. This information can help the local government in having a better understanding of the vulnerability dimension of risks and in prioritizing their adaptation actions.
• Vulnerable groups are local-context-bound and could include the options listed, though this list is not exhaustive. Should you wish to report a population group not listed select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the name of the population group.
• There are different methodologies for assessing vulnerabilities at the level of local governments and they differ in terms of technical capacities and resources required, this can include Indicator-Based Vulnerability Assessments.
• Marginalized/minority communities may include refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and national minorities.
• Low-income households may include unemployed persons and persons living in sub-standard housing.

Sectors most exposed (column 3)

• Indicate the critical sectors in your jurisdiction that will be most affected by the corresponding climate hazard. This question aims to capture an overview of your jurisdictions overall assessment of the sectors impacted by each climate hazard.

Describe the impacts on vulnerable populations and sector (column 4)

• Provide a brief description of the impacts on the vulnerable populations and sectors selected previously. For example, where data is available, please indicate the number of people from each vulnerable group most exposed to this hazard.

Proportion of the population exposed to the hazard (column 5)

• Based on your jurisdiction’s total population, select the most applicable percentage range that represents the proportion potentially exposed to the hazard. It is acknowledged that this selection will, in many cases, be based upon an estimate.
• Where your jurisdiction does not have the data available to respond you can select the option ‘Data is not available’.

Did this hazard significantly impact your jurisdiction before this reporting year? (column 6)

• Indicate using the drop-down menu whether the climate hazard selected had a significant impact on your jurisdiction this reporting year, to allow identification of hazards previously impacting the jurisdiction.

Current probability of hazard (column 7)

• Indicate the probability of each climate hazard selected occurring within the next five years. If possible, this response should be based on the outcome of a risk or vulnerability assessment process.
• If your assessment process has not provided quantitative estimates of likelihood, please estimate using the qualitative descriptors provided:
  • High: Extremely likely that the hazard will occur (e.g., greater than 1 in 2 chance of occurrence over the next five years)
  • Medium high: Highly likely that the hazard will occur (e.g., between 1 in 2 and 1 in 20 chance of occurrence over the next five years)
  • Medium: Likely that the hazard will occur (e.g., between 1 in 20 and 1 in 200 chance of occurrence over the next five years)
  • Medium low: Somewhat likely that the hazard will occur (e.g., between 1 in 200 and 1 in 2,000 chance of occurrence over the next five years)
  • Low: Not likely that the hazard will occur (e.g., between 1 in 2,000 and 1 in 20,000 chance of occurrence over the next five years)

Current magnitude of impact of hazard (column 8)

• Indicate the potential impact of each climate hazard identified on your jurisdiction within the next five years. If possible, this response should be based on the outcome of a risk or vulnerability assessment process. If your assessment process has not provided quantitative estimates of level of impact, please estimate using the qualitative descriptors provided:
  • High: The hazard represents the highest level of potential concern for your jurisdiction. You anticipate that should it occur, the hazard would result in extremely serious impacts to your jurisdiction and catastrophic interruption to day-to-day life.
  • Medium high: The hazard represents a high level of potential concern for your jurisdiction. You anticipate that should it occur, the hazard would result in serious impacts to your jurisdiction and interruption to day-to-day life.
  • Medium: The hazard represents a medium level of potential concern for your jurisdiction. You anticipate that should it occur, the hazard would result in impacts to your jurisdiction, but that these would be moderately significant to day-to-day life.
  • Medium low: The hazard represents a lower level of potential concern for your jurisdiction. You anticipate that should it occur, the hazard would result in impacts to your jurisdiction, but that these would be less significant to day-to-day life.
  • Low: The hazard represents the lowest level of potential concern for your jurisdiction. You anticipate that should it occur, the hazard would result in impacts to your jurisdiction, but that these would be insignificant in day-to-day life.

Expected future change in hazard intensity (column 9)

• Indicate the future expected change in intensity of climate change hazards in your jurisdiction based on the following definitions:
  • Increasing: Future hazards will be more intense because of climate change
  • Decreasing: Future hazards will be less intense because of climate change
  • None: Climate change will have no effect on the intensity of hazards

Expected future change in hazard frequency (column 10)

• Indicate the future expected change in frequency of climate change hazards in your jurisdiction based on the following definitions:
  • Increasing: Climate change will cause the hazard to occur more frequently in the future
  • Decreasing: Climate change will cause the hazard to occur less frequently in the future
  • None: Climate change will have no effect on the frequency of hazards

Timeframe of expected future changes (column 11)

• Indicate the timescale at which changes to intensity and frequency of climate change hazards are expected to occur based on the following list of values:
  • Short-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the frequency and intensity of the specified climate hazards by 2025.
  • Medium-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the frequency and intensity of the specified climate hazards between 2026 and 2050.
  • Long-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the frequency and intensity of the specified climate hazards after 2051.

Explanation of Terms

• Physical climate hazard: Physical climate hazards are short-, medium-, or long-term climate events that have the potential to cause damage or harm to humans and natural systems. These include meteorological, climatological, hydrological, geophysical or biological events (C40).
• Impact: Impacts are the realized effects of climate hazards on lives; livelihoods; health and well-being; ecosystems and species; economic, social and cultural assets; services (including ecosystem services); and infrastructure. Impacts may be referred to as consequences or outcomes, and can be adverse or beneficial (IPCC).

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Sections 5.2 "Climate Hazards" of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that local governments shall identify the most significant climate hazards faced by the community. For each identified climate hazards, the local government shall report the following information:

• Current probability and consequence
• Description of expected future impacts
• Expected intensity-frequency-and timescale of the hazard
• All relevant sectors, assets or services that are expected to be the most impacted by the hazard in future and the magnitude of the impact for each of them.

GCoM Required columns and common mistakes

All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately. At least one complete row of all mandatory columns must be answered to be compliant with the GCoM "adaptation assessment badge".

Please remember that "Do not know" is also a badge eligible answer, when a city has not experienced or observed climate hazards in the past or has no ways of accurately reporting this information based on evidence or data.

(1.3) Identify and describe the most significant factors impacting on your jurisdiction’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation Pillar^
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested Content

General

• Adaptive capacity refers to the degree to which people and other organisms, assets, institutions, and sectors are able to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities or to respond to consequences.

Factors that affect ability to adapt (column 1)

• Indicate the major factors that either support or challenge your jurisdiction's adaptive capacity.
• Note that you can select the same factor more than once if that factor both supports and challenges your jurisdiction's adaptive capacity. For example, a jurisdiction experiencing rapid migration may benefit from increased economic growth and human capital; however, this trend may also result in significant pressure on infrastructure services that may increase the risk of day-to-day service interruptions, thus weakening the jurisdiction's resilience to shock events.

Degree to which this factor challenges/supports the adaptive capacity of your jurisdiction (column 2)

• Ensure two selections are made in this column or you will not be able to submit your response. Factors that support your adaptive capacity will be those that make adaptation easier, those that challenge will make it more difficult to adapt effectively.

Describe how the factor supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your jurisdiction (column 3)

• In this column you may optionally provide a brief description of how each factor identified in the first field is supporting or challenging your jurisdiction's adaptive capacity.

Example Response

For explanatory purposes, a sample answer to this question is included below.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 5.3 “Adaptive Capacity” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that “Local government shall identify factors that will most greatly affect its own and the city's adaptive capacity and enhance climate resilience”. For each factor, the local government shall report the following information:

• Description of the factor as it relates to the adaptive capacity (support or challenge)
• Degree to which the factor challenges the adaptive capacity and obstructs enhanced climate resilience

Regional Variations

• For Covenant of Mayors Europe signatories, Question 1.3 is not mandatory

GCoM Required columns and common mistakes

All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately. At least one complete row must be answered to be compliant with the GCoM "adaptation assessment badge".

Emissions Inventory

Community-wide Emissions Inventory Methodology

(2.1) Does your jurisdiction have a community-wide emissions inventory to report?

Change From Last Year

No change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Mitigation Pillar^
• TCFD: Metrics and Targets (Disclosure B)
• NetZeroCities: Required
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No, but we are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
• No, but we are intending to undertake one in the next two years
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity and expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to other higher priorities
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to a reason not listed above, please specify

Requested Content

General

• An emissions inventory enables jurisdictions to understand the emissions sources and effects of different activities. It allows jurisdictions to determine where to best direct mitigation efforts, create a strategy to reduce emissions, and track their progress. Emissions inventories are critical for tracking changes in overall GHG emissions and removals. Assessing and reporting progress toward mitigation goals should be carried out in conjunction with regularly developing and updating a GHG inventory. Jurisdictions can report their emissions regardless of which protocol or methodology they have used to develop their inventory.
• Community-wide (sometimes referred to as ‘geographic’, ‘city-wide’ and/or regional-wide’) emissions inventories encompass emissions which are within a particular geopolitical region, over which local governments can exercise a degree of influence through the policies and regulations they implement.
• Indicate that your jurisdiction can report a community-wide emissions inventory by selecting ‘Yes’.
• The Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Inventories now includes Supplemental Guidance for Forests and Trees, developed by WRI (World Resources Institute), ICLEI–Local Governments for Sustainability, and C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. This guidance provides GHG inventory compilers with globally standardized, yet flexible, guidance for estimating GHG emissions and CO2 removals (collectively called GHG fluxes) associated specifically with forests and trees within the boundaries of cities, towns, counties, or other subnational jurisdictions (collectively called communities).

Resources

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 3 “Greenhouse gas emissions inventory” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that “Local governments shall submit their greenhouse gas emissions inventory to GCoM within two years upon joining GCoM. Every subsequent two years, a more recent greenhouse gas emissions inventory shall be submitted to GCoM. Greenhouse gas emission inventories shall cover a consecutive period of 12 months".

GCoM Required columns and common mistakes

To be compliant with the GCoM "Mitigation-Inventory badge" you must answer "Yes" and provide detailed emission reporting in question 2.1c. If you choose another answer, CDP and the GCoM Regional Covenants may reach out to provide technical support. However, you will not be compliant with the GCoM "Inventory Badge" for 2023.

(2.1a) Provide information on and an attachment (in spreadsheet format) /direct link to your main community-wide GHG emissions inventory.

Please provide information on your current primary emissions inventory, i.e. that which represents the largest proportion of your community-wide emissions. You are able to add additional/historical inventories in a separate column.

Change From Last Year

Modified question (merged with 2022 2.1b)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes’ is selected in response to 2.1

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3 (columns 1-9, 13)
• Columns 10-13 and 14 are initiative-specific

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Mitigation Pillar^
• TFCD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure B)
• NetZeroCities: Required
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required (columns 1-6, 8, 10, 11, 14); Recommended (columns 7, 9, 12, 13)
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

GreenClimateCities Program

• Cities participating in the GreenClimateCities Program will be presented with the complete question.

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. The table is displayed over several rows for readability. Provide information on your current primary emissions inventory (you may add additional/historical inventories in a separate column).

Requested Content

General

• Please note for 2023 disclosure: 2.1b from the 2022 questionnaire has been merged with 2.1a to improve reporting efficiency and data analysis. As a result, prior responses on emissions inventories in 2022 2.1b will not copy forward for 2023. If you have previously reported an emissions inventory, and this inventory is still your most current one, you will need to re-report this here in 2.1a. Data that you report this year will be copied forward to your response next year.
• Please ensure that you report on your main community-wide emissions inventory – i.e. your most recent and complete inventory that represents the largest proportion of your community-wide emissions. Attach or provide a link to your main inventory in spreadsheet format. Where possible this document should also include the activity data, emissions factors and the calculations conducted that underpin the emissions data.
• If your jurisdiction has more than one community-wide emissions inventory for the period reported in column 3 which is significantly different (for example separate inventories that cover different sectors, use different methodologies, or include different greenhouse gases) an attachment or link can be provided in column 13.
• For information on greenhouse gas emissions-monitoring tools and datasets to aid in building your emissions inventories, please refer to CDP’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Tools and Datasets: Guide for Cities. Further resources may be found in the reporting guidance for 2.1.

Main community-wide inventory: attachment (spreadsheet) and/or link (with unrestricted access) (column 1)

• Use this field to attach your jurisdiction’s inventory. You can do this by clicking ‘Choose file’, navigating to the inventory file and clicking ‘Attach’. Confirm that the inventory has been attached by selecting the option ‘The emissions inventory has been attached’ in column 2.
• If available it is preferred that you attach a spreadsheet (i.e., excel) format of your emissions inventory. Macro-enabled spreadsheets that use the “.xlsm” format (e.g., CIRIS, earlier versions of the GPC reporting tool) should be saved as Excel workbooks “.xlsx” to be attached to the questionnaire.
• If you are providing a direct weblink to the emissions inventory, please ensure the emissions inventory can be accessed unrestricted on the link provided.
• Ensure that the emissions factors and activity data used to calculate the cities emissions are accessible within the attached/linked emissions inventory. If the emissions factors and activity data are not accessible within the attached/linked inventory, please attach them separately in column 14.
• Clearpath Users: Please note if you are using the ClearPath tool, then attach both extracts.
• Clearpath, CIRIS, Snapshot and/or ClimateView Users: Please note if your jurisdiction imports data from CIRIS, Clearpath, Snapshot or ClimateView to your response you are still required to attach the inventory itself to this question.

Status of main community-wide inventory attachment and/or direct link (column 2)

• Select the appropriate option from the list of the presented options. For example, if you have attached the file in column 2 you will make the selection ‘The emissions inventory has been attached’.
• Providing access to your jurisdiction’s emissions inventory is a key item for multiple projects, initiatives and data users for assessment and validation purposes. The purpose of this column is to ensure that cities who have reported their inventories have provided access to the inventory or have indicated that they cannot.
• Selecting an option in this column is mandatory in order for you to be able to submit your response.

Year covered by main inventory (column 3)

• Report the year of your latest community-wide inventory. This is the year covered by the emissions inventory and not the year of publication or the year when the assessment was made.
• If your jurisdiction uses the C40 City Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS tools for managing and reporting emissions inventory data), you can import your response data for this column. Further guidance on how to import can be accessed here.

Boundary of main inventory relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 4)

• Indicate the boundary of your community-wide emissions inventory relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• If your community-wide emissions inventory covers only part of the jurisdiction or covers the whole jurisdiction and adjoining areas outside of the jurisdiction boundary then use the explanation field presented to briefly describe which areas are excluded or additional areas included.

Population in year covered by main inventory (column 5)

• Provide your jurisdiction’s population (the number of residents within the boundary of the emissions inventory) in the selected inventory year.
• Ensure that the population figure is entered in a full format, for example if the population is 1.87 million then enter 1,870,000.
• To support data quality, a notification will be presented in the reporting system when population figures of below 5,000 or above 50,000,000 are entered. The notification will request the user to review the figure to ensure it is correct, if it is correct no further action is required and the notification can be ignored.
• If your jurisdiction uses the C40 City Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS tools for managing and reporting emissions inventory data), you can import your response data for this column. Further guidance on how to import can be accessed here.

Primary protocol/framework used to compile main inventory (column 6)

• Please note that making a selection in this column is required in order for you to be able to submit your response.
• Select the primary protocol/framework that you followed in measuring greenhouse gas emissions for your jurisdiction.
• A standard or protocol provides a framework and guidance on how to measure your city’s emissions and/or report your emissions inventory. This usually includes recommendations on defining the inventory boundary, which GHGs are included, sector-specific emissions accounting, as well as understanding the scopes and how to report emissions.
• The selection made in this column can determine the emissions data questions (2.1b, 2.1c or 2.1d) you are to be presented. Note that all GCoM committed cities will be required to report their inventory based on the requirements of the GCoM Common Reporting Framework and will be presented with question 2.1c.
  
  • By selecting the option ‘GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)’ option you will be requested to report your emissions in the GCoM Common Reporting Framework format (question 2.1c)
  • By selecting the option ‘Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC)’ you will be requested to report your emissions in the Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories format (question 2.1b)
  • By selecting any other option than the above you will be requested to report your scope and sector emissions in line with the methodology used (questions 2.1c, and 2.1d)
• If the methodology used to develop the inventory is not presented in the list, then select ‘Other, please specify’ and provide the name and/or a brief description of the methodology used.

Tool used to compile main inventory (column 7)

• A GHG emissions accounting tool provides cities with the means to quantify their emissions. A tool usually performs calculations on input data provided by the city or on pre-populated data, and provides output emissions data that can be used for reporting and informing policy. It typically comes in the form of a spreadsheet, an interactive online platform, or software. CDP’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Tools and Datasets: Guide for Cities contains best practice recommendations for choosing the right GHG emissions tool or dataset for your inventory.
• Select the tool used to develop the emissions inventory from the list of tools provided. The list does not contain all tools that can be used and will be updated annually to reflect additional tools used by reporting jurisdictions.
  
  • If your emissions inventory is compiled using a tool/process developed by a consultancy that is not listed (either custom-made or a general product), you may select ‘Consultancy-developed tool/process’.
  • If your emissions inventory is compiled using a tool/process developed by a regional or national jurisdiction that is not listed, you may select ‘Regionally/nationally developed tool/process’.
  • If you compile your inventory internally using tools such as Excel or Microsoft PowerBI, you may select ‘Internal tool/process’.
  • If the tool used is not listed, please select ‘Other, please specify’ and provide the name of the tool in the text box that is presented.

Gases included in main inventory (column 8)

• Select the greenhouse gases included in your inventory. The list consists of the main gases as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), as well as nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).

Primary source of emission factors (column 9)

• Select the IPCC Assessment Report from which the emissions factor values have been sourced for the main emissions inventory.

Has the main inventory been audited/verified? (column 10)

• Indicate if your inventory has been externally or internally verified and/or audited and if possible, please attach documentation as evidence of the audit/verification to this column.
• Jurisdictions may choose to externally or internally verify or audit their emissions inventory to demonstrate that it has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the selected methodology and to provide assurance to users that it represents a faithful, true, and fair account of their jurisdiction’s GHG emissions.
• While verification is often undertaken by an independent organization (third-party verification), this may not always be the case. Many jurisdictions interested in improving their emissions inventories may subject their information to internal verification by staff who are independent of the GHG accounting and reporting process (self-verification).
• Both types of verification should follow similar procedures and processes. For external partners, third-party verification is likely to significantly increase the credibility of the GHG inventory.

Overall level of data quality (column 11)

• Jurisdictions are requested to evaluate and report the quality of both the activity data and the emission factors used across the inventory as a whole. Jurisdictions may have specific sub-sector data quality classifications, if so, please select the median classification option across all sub-sectors.
• Definitions on the three data quality classifications as they apply to activity data and emissions factors are:
  
  • High: Detailed activity data, Specific emission factors
  • Medium: Scaled activity data using robust assumptions, More general emission factors (i.e., national data)
  • Low: Highly modelled or uncertain activity data, Default emission factors (i.e., international data)
• For further information on evaluating and reporting the quality of both the activity data and the emission factors see Section 5.6 ‘Managing data quality and uncertainty’ of the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories.

Have any of the calculation methodologies and/or boundary used for this inventory changed when compared to the previously reported inventory? (column 12)

• If your current emissions inventory that is being reported is based upon a different methodology and/or boundary than a previously reported inventory, please indicate this.
• If the changes are significant enough then it is recommended that the emissions for previous years are retroactively recalculated to reflect the changes.
• If this is the case, then please attach the updated historical emissions inventories where available in column 13. Please ensure the historical emissions inventory document(s) is complete and is attached in spreadsheet format.

Additional/historical inventories: attachment (spreadsheet) and/or URL link (with unrestricted access) (column 13)

• Use this field to attach any additional or historical inventories. You can do this by clicking ‘Choose file’, navigating to the inventory file and clicking ‘Attach’.
• If you are providing a direct weblink to the emissions inventory, please ensure the emissions inventory can be accessed unrestricted on the link provided.

Additional documentation and comments (column 14)

• Report or attach any additional information or documentation that may be required to provide further context to the main emissions inventory.
• Justify any exclusions of greenhouse gases from the inventory. For example, indicate if emissions from these gas(es) are insignificant or if certain gas(es) are not able to be measured.
• If you report that there has been a recalculation of historic emissions data, please report information on the reasons and impact of the recalculation and totals.

Explanation of Terms

• Emissions inventory: an emissions inventory enables jurisdictions to understand the emissions sources and effects of different activities. It allows jurisdictions to determine where to best direct mitigation efforts, create a strategy to reduce emissions, and track their progress. Emissions inventories are critical for tracking changes in overall GHG emissions and removals.
• Emissions accounting protocol/framework: a standard or protocol that provides a framework and guidance on how to measure your city’s emissions and/or report your emissions inventory. This usually includes recommendations on defining the inventory boundary, which GHGs are included, sector-specific emissions accounting, as well as understanding the scopes and how to report emissions (CDP Greenhouse Gas Emissions Tools and Datasets: Guide for Cities).
• Emissions accounting tool: provides cities with the means to quantify their emissions. A tool usually performs calculations on input data provided by the city or on pre-populated data, and provides output emissions data that can be used for reporting and informing policy. It typically comes in the form of a spreadsheet, an interactive online platform, or software (CDP Greenhouse Gas Emissions Tools and Datasets: Guide for Cities).

Example Response

For explanatory purposes, a sample answer to this question is included below.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 3.1 “GHG Accounting Principles” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that local governments shall compile GHG inventories on a regular basis, to enable monitoring and tracking the impact of climate actions, also to ensure continuous improvement in data quality, resulting in a clearly defined inventory boundary, improved data sources and defined methodologies that shall be consistent through the years (e.g., clarify where there is an evolution, e.g. population growth), so that differences in the results between years reflect real differences in emissions and mitigation efforts by the local government and the city.

Section 3.5 "Activity data and Emission factors" of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that in addition to GHG data, local governments shall report activity data (in MWh, PJ, etc.) and emission factors for all sources of emissions, disaggregated by activity/fuel type.

Section 3.5 "Activity data and Emission factors" indicates that local governments shall account for emissions of the following gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).

Avoiding Common Mistakes

All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately to be compliant with the GCoM "Mitigation-Inventory badge".

Please remember that the attached supporting document or link shall include activity data (amount of fuel or electricity consumption) and emission factors (CO2e per unit of fuel consumed) for all emissions reported in question 2.1c below. An inventory without activity data breakdown and emission factors is not compliant with the inventory badge.

You can find an example of the emission factor and activity data here.

CIRIS users can upload the CIRIS tool directly, Clearpath users can upload the export in the version called "GPC Overview". European cities can upload the My covenant reporting template.

IMPORTANT: Uploading your emissions inventory using CIRIS and Clearpath in question 2.1d only imports emissions values and notation keys but does not import emission factors and activity data. To ensure you are compliant with the Inventory Badge, please also attach/link a supporting document in question 2.1a that includes the activity data and emission factors.

Community-wide Emissions Inventory Data

(2.1b) Provide a breakdown of your community-wide emissions by scope. If the inventory has been developed using the Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC) you will also be requested to provide a breakdown by sector.

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 2.1c)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if you are reporting emissions in any format other than the format of the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

• If you are reporting in any format other than the CRF, you will be presented with scopes 1, 2 and 3 (rows 1- 4)
• If you are reporting in the format of the GPC, you may also be presented with GPC defined sectors (rows 5 – 17)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Rows 1-4 (Scope)
• Pathway 2 and 3: Rows 1-17 (Complete question)

GreenClimateCities Program

• Cities participating in the GreenClimateCities Program will be presented with the complete question.

Global Covenant of Mayors

• Cities participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors will not be presented with this question and will requested to report their emissions in the format of the Common Reporting Framework (2.1c).

Connection to Other Frameworks

• TFCD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure B)
• NetZeroCities: Required
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. If your jurisdiction uses the City Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS) or ClimateOS (ClimateView) tools for managing and reporting emissions inventory data, you can import your response data for selected questions for this question. Further guidance on how to import can be accessed here. Please ensure all reported emissions data is in metric tonnes CO2e.

If the inventory has been developed using the Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC):

Requested Content

General

• If reporting in the format of the Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC) you will be requested to report the breakdown by sector and scope. If reporting in any other format you will only be requested to report the breakdown by scope in this question and to provide a breakdown of your community-wide emissions by sector in question 2.1d.
• If your jurisdiction uses the City Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS) or ClimateOS (ClimateView) tools for managing and reporting emissions inventory data, you can import your response data for selected questions for this question. Further guidance on how to import can be accessed here.
• BASIC emissions: Includes scope 1 and scope 2 emissions from stationary energy and transportation, as well as scope 1 and scope 3 emissions from waste.
• BASIC+ emissions: Includes BASIC emissions plus emissions from IPPU and AFOLU and transboundary transportation (scope 3 'energy use' and 'transportation').
• All emissions should be reported in metric tons of CO2e. Common conversion factors are included in the Technical Note "Units of Measure Conversions".

Emissions (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 1)

• For each sector and scope please report the quantity of emissions in metric tonnes CO2e.
• If there are no emissions occurring within your jurisdiction relating to a specific sector/scope, please indicate this with a 0.
• Ensure that the reported emissions apply to the 12-month reporting period as previously reported in question 2.1a.
• For further information on the accounting and reporting requirements see the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories.

Notation keys (column 2)

• Notation keys may be used to accommodate limitations in data availability and differences in emission sources between jurisdictions.
• Where notation keys are used, an accompanying explanation should be provided in the field ‘Comment’ to explain any excluded sources, identify any emissions covered under an ETS and to provide any other comments.
• The following are the descriptions on how to use the notation keys:
  • “NO” (not occurring): An activity or process does not occur or exist within the jurisdiction. This notation key may also be used for insignificant sources.
  • "IE” (included elsewhere): GHG emissions for this activity are estimated and presented in another category in the same inventory, stating where it is added. This notation key may be used where it is difficult to disaggregate data into multiple sub-sectors. A justification must be provided when using this notation and you must also indicate in which subsector the emissions were integrated.
  • “NE” (not estimated): GHG emissions occur but have not been estimated or reported, with a justification why. This notation is not allowed for mandatory sectors (even if a justification is provided). You should provide a rough estimate (i.e. downscale emissions from national data based on population) or use the notation key "NO" if these emissions are considered insignificant.
  • "C” (confidential): GHG emissions which could lead to the disclosure of confidential information, and as such are not reported publicly.

Level of data quality for sector and scope (column 3)

• Jurisdictions are requested to evaluate and report the quality of both the activity data and the emission factors used for each applicable sector and scope.
• Definitions on the three data quality classifications as they apply to activity data and emissions factors are:
  • High (H): Detailed activity data, Specific emission factors
  • Medium (M): Modelled activity data using robust assumptions, More general emission factors
  • Low (L): Highly-modelled or uncertain activity data, Default emission factors
• For further information on evaluating and reporting the quality of both the activity data and the emission factors see Section 5.6 ‘Managing data quality and uncertainty’ of the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories.

(2.1c) Provide a breakdown of your community-wide emissions in the format of the Common Reporting Framework.

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 2.1d)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if you have indicated your jurisdiction is reporting its emissions in the format of the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF) or your jurisdiction is participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Rows 30 and 31 (Total generation of grid-supplied energy, Total emissions)
• Pathway 2 and 3: Rows 1-31 (Complete question)

Global Covenant of Mayors

• Cities participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors will be presented with the complete question.

GreenClimateCities Program

• Cities participating in the GreenClimateCities Program will be presented with the complete question.

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Mitigation Pillar^
• TFCD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure B)
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. Please ensure all reported emissions data is in metric tonnes CO2e.

Requested content

General

• If your jurisdiction uses the C40 City Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS), ICLEI Clearpath, SCATTER or Snapshot tools for managing and reporting emissions inventory data, you can import your response data for this question. Further guidance on how to import can be accessed here.
• All emissions should be reported in metric tons of CO2e. Common conversion factors are included in the Technical Note "Units of Measure Conversions".

Emissions data (columns 1, 3, 5)

• For each sector and sub-sector please report the quantity of direct and indirect emissions in metric tonnes CO2e.
• If there are no emissions occurring within your jurisdiction relating to a specific sector/subsector, please indicate this with a 0.
• Ensure that the reported emissions apply to the 12-month reporting period as previously reported in question 2.1a.
• Offsets purchased from outside the geographic boundary should be separately reported and not “netted” or deducted from the reported inventory results.

Notation keys (columns 2, 4, 6)

• Notation keys may be used to accommodate limitations in data availability and differences in emission sources between local governments.
• Where notation keys are used, an accompanying explanation shall be provided in the field ‘Please explain for any excluded sources, identify any emissions covered under an ETS and provide any other comments’.
• The following are the descriptions on how to use the notation keys:
  • “NO” (not occurring): An activity or process does not occur or exist within the jurisdiction. This notation key may also be used for insignificant sources.
  • "IE” (included elsewhere): GHG emissions for this activity are estimated and presented in another category in the same inventory, stating where it is added. This notation key may be used where it is difficult to disaggregate data into multiple sub-sectors. A justification must be provided when using this notation and you must also indicate in which subsector the emissions were integrated.
  • “NE” (not estimated): GHG emissions occur but have not been estimated or reported, with a justification why. This notation is not allowed for mandatory sectors (even if a justification is provided). You should provide a rough estimate (i.e. downscale emissions from national data based on population) or use the notation key "NO" if these emissions are considered insignificant.
  • "C” (confidential): GHG emissions which could lead to the disclosure of confidential information, and as such are not reported publicly.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 "GHG Accounting Principles” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that local governments shall consider all categories of emission sources and report all emissions that are significant. Exclusion of emission sources shall be disclosed and justified, using the notation keys in the reporting template.

Notation keys: “Notation keys may be used to accommodate limitations in data availability and differences in emission sources between local governments. Where notation keys are used, an accompanying explanation shall be provided.”

The following are the descriptions on how to use the notation keys:

• “NO” (not occurring): An activity or process does not occur or exist within the city. This notation key may also be used for insignificant sources.
• “IE” (included elsewhere): GHG emissions for this activity are estimated and presented in another category in the same inventory, stating where it is added. This notation key may be used where it is difficult to disaggregate data into multiple sub-sectors.
• “NE” (not estimated): GHG emissions occur but have not been estimated or reported, with a justification why.
• “C” (confidential): GHG emissions which could lead to the disclosure of confidential information, and as such are not reported publicly

Emission sources: "Local governments shall report GHG emissions from at least four main sectors":

• Stationary energy
• Transportation
• Waste
• Energy generation

Regional Variations

• Covenant of Mayors Europe signatories don’t require stationary energy, fugitive emissions, all waste or local renewable energy generation
• GCoM Canada signatories don’t require stationary energy - agriculture, fugitive emissions, transportation - rail, waterborne, aviation, off-road, waste - wastewater, biological treatment, or all energy generation

Avoiding Common Mistakes

Important common mistakes:

1. Reporting “0” in mandatory emissions is not compliant. Please use an appropriate notation key: "IE"(included elsewhere), "NO"(not occurring), or "NE" (not estimated).
2. Please only use "NE" (not estimated) when GHG emissions occur but have not been estimated or reported. It is used to mark where improvement can be made in future years. The use of "NE" is not compliant with the GCoM "inventory badge". If the emission is not estimated because the emission from this subsector is very scarce or rare, please use "NO" (not occurring). For example, if emissions from water-born transport is a minor source within city A, the city should use notation key NO for the direct and indirect emission for water-born transport emissions.
3. If GHG emissions are estimated and presented in another category in the same inventory, please use “IE” (included elsewhere) along with a justification. Failing to provide a justification is not compliant

You can find all required emissions estimations in the following table-Please don't leave blank or forget justifications when using notation keys.

(2.1d) Provide a breakdown of your community-wide emissions by sector.

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 2.1e)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if you are reporting your emissions in any format other than the format of the Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC) or GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF).

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 2 and 3

Global Covenant of Mayors

• Cities participating in the Global Covenant of Mayors will not be presented with this question and will requested to report their emissions in the format of the Common Reporting Framework (2.1c).

Connection to Other Frameworks

• TFCD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure B)
• NetZeroCities: Required
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table. Please ensure all reported emissions data is in metric tonnes CO2e.

Requested content

General

• All emissions should be reported in metric tons of CO2e. Common conversion factors are included in the Technical Note "Units of Measure Conversions".

Sector and Sub-sector (column 1 and 2)

• The emissions sectors presented are dependent upon the previously selected methodology that was reported as being used to develop the emissions inventory. Use the 'Add row' function to report the emissions breakdown using multiple sectors, sub-sectors, and scopes.
• The purpose of this question is to learn more about how your jurisdiction breaks down emissions, which can be valuable information for comparative understanding between cities. Please note that this question is flexible to accommodate many of the different kinds of categories used by jurisdictions.

Scope (column 3)

• If the reported emissions are categorized by scope, please report the applicable scope:
  • Scope 1: GHG emissions from sources located within the jurisdiction boundary.
  • Scope 2: GHG emissions occurring as a consequence of the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling within the jurisdiction boundary.
  • Scope 3: All other GHG emissions that occur outside the jurisdiction boundary as a result of activities taking place within the jurisdiction boundary.

Emissions (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 4)

• For each source, please report the quantity of emissions in metric tonnes CO2e. Ensure that the reported emissions apply to the 12-month reporting period as previously reported in Question 2.1a.

Comment (column 5)

• Indicate if you do not have the full breakdown of your jurisdiction's emissions or if the emissions being reported are an estimation e.g., downscale from national level or utilization of proxy data.

Consumption-Based Emissions Inventory

(2.2) Does your jurisdiction have a consumption-based emissions inventory to measure emissions from consumption of goods and services? The consumption-based approach captures direct and lifecycle GHG emissions of goods and services and allocates GHG emissions to the final consumers, rather than to the producers.

Change From Last Year

No change to question, additional guidance

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

General

• Consumption-based greenhouse gas accounting is an alternative to the sector and scope approach to measuring community-wide emissions. Consumption-based greenhouse gas accounting focuses on the consumption of goods and services (such as food, clothing, electronic equipment, etc.) by residents of the jurisdiction, and GHG emissions are reported by consumption category rather than GHG emission source category.

Consumption-based emissions inventory (column 1)

• Report whether your jurisdiction has a consumption-based inventory, and if not select the most appliable option that reflects your jurisdictions intentions to develop and report one.

Provide an overview and attach your consumption-based inventory if relevant (column 2)

• Provide a brief outline of the information contained within your consumption-based inventory.
• Describe the main conclusions or findings of the inventory, including the total GHG emissions for your jurisdiction, as well as the sector that has the biggest contribution to GHG emissions.
• You could state how total GHG emissions derived from a consumption-based methodology compares to alternative production-based calculations of emissions.

Resources

Government Operations Emissions

(2.3) Do you have an emissions inventory for your government operations to report?

Change From Last Year

No change

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No

Requested content

General

• The questions in this section refer to emissions associated with your government operations (sometimes referred to as ‘corporate’ or ‘municipal’) emissions. The majority of emissions from government operations are a subset of community emissions, typically ranging from 3–7% of total jurisdiction-wide emissions.
• Although this is a relatively small fraction of the jurisdiction’s emissions, it clearly shows that local governments must use their influence over operations that are not under their direct control (e.g., improving the energy performance of private buildings through the municipal building code).
• Select ‘Yes’ to indicate that you have a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory for your local government operations to report.
• A local government operations emissions inventory accounts for emissions from operations, activities and facilities that governments own or operate, including those from municipal fleets or buildings, or from waste management services provided by the municipality to the community (GPC).
• For more information on the difference between Government and Community emissions inventories, please see the following documents:
  • Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) for the Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (Version 1.1) (a collaboration between The California Air Resources Board, The California Climate Action Registry, The Climate Registry, and ICLEI)
  • International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP) developed by ICLEI
  • Appendix B in the Global Protocol for Community-scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (WRI, C40 and ICLEI).

(2.3a) Attach your government operations emissions inventory and report the following information regarding this inventory.

Change From Last Year

No change

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes’ is selected in response to 2.3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended

Response Options

Please complete the following table. The table is displayed over several rows for readability.

Requested Content

Government operations emissions inventory attachment and/or link (column 1)

• Use this field to attach your government operations emissions inventory. You can do this by clicking ‘Choose file’, navigating to the inventory file and clicking ‘Attach’.
• If available it is preferred that you attach a spreadsheet (i.e., excel) format of your emissions inventory. Macro-enabled spreadsheets that use the “.xlsm” format should be saved as Excel workbooks “.xlsx” to be attached to the questionnaire.
• If you are providing a direct weblink to the emissions inventory, please ensure the emissions inventory can be accessed unrestricted on the link provided.

Reporting year (column 2)

• Report the year of your latest government operations emissions inventory. This is the year covered by the emissions inventory and not the year of publication or the year when the assessment was made.

Boundary (column 3)

• The options allow for emissions to be captured from a ranging set of institutions, from government departments to quasi-governmental authorities, public corporations and special purpose vehicles.
• Further guidance on the suitability of these different methods is available in the Local Government Operations Protocol, the WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol, and Appendix B of the Global Protocol for Community Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories.
• If none of the listed options describes your boundary, please select “Other, please specify” from the drop-down list. You will then be provided with a text box in which to describe your boundary.

Gases included in emissions inventory (column 4)

• Select the greenhouse gases included in your inventory. The list consists of the main gases as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), as well as nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).

Primary protocol (column 5)

• Please select the methodology on which you base the majority of your calculations. The system will only let you select one methodology. If you do not see your chosen methodology reflected in the list please select “Other, please specify” and describe your methodology.

Emissions sources included (column 6)

• Select the sources of emissions that are included in the inventory. This includes the fuel that is consumed (converted to end-use energy) directly by your jurisdiction’s government – referring to Scope 1 emissions. Scope 1 emissions are all direct GHG emissions sources owned or operated by the municipal government. This fuel could be used in combustion in owned or controlled boilers, furnaces, vehicles, etc.
• If Scope 3 emissions are also calculated the select the Scope 3 emissions sources included in this calculation, these sources include ‘(Scope 3)’ at the end.

Has the inventory been audited/verified? (column 7)

• Indicate if your inventory has been externally or internally verified and/or audited and if possible, please attach documentation as evidence of the audit/verification to this column.
• Jurisdictions may choose to externally or internally verify or audit their emissions inventory to demonstrate that it has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the selected methodology and to provide assurance to users that it represents a faithful, true, and fair account of their GHG emissions.
• While verification is often undertaken by an independent organization (third-party verification), this may not always be the case. Many jurisdictions interested in improving their emissions inventories may subject their information to internal verification by staff who are independent of the GHG accounting and reporting process (self-verification).
• Both types of verification should follow similar procedures and processes. For external partners, third-party verification is likely to significantly increase the credibility of the GHG inventory.

(2.3b) Report your government operations emissions in metric tonnes CO2e.

Change From Last Year

No change

Question Dependencies

This question only appears if you select 'Yes' in response to 2.3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

General

• Report your total Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions in metric tonnes CO2e. Where you do not have this data leave the applicable fields blank.
• Scope 1 emissions are all direct GHG emissions sources owned or operated by the government.
• Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions as a result of electricity, steam, heating, or cooling that has been purchased or acquired by the government.
• Scope 3 emissions are all other indirect emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as emissions resulting from the extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels, transport-related activities in vehicles not owned or controlled by the reporting entity (e.g., employee commuting and business travel), outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc.

Comment (column 4)

• Provide any further relevant detail on the emissions reported and explain any inconsistencies or gaps in data.

Sector Assessment Data

Energy Assessment Data

For 2023, CDP-ICLEI Track will be aligning with the complete set of reporting requirements of the newly published Global Covenant of Mayors Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (EAPP) in the Common Reporting Framework. See the Global Covenant of Mayors Common Reporting Framework webpage for the most up to date information on the Energy Access and Poverty Pillar.

The energy questions in Section 3 (3.1, 3.1a, 3.1b, 3.1c, 3.1d, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) have been designed to align with the reporting requirements of multiple projects and/or initiatives, principally the ‘Assessment’ phase of the Energy Access and Poverty Pillar. The ‘Plan’ phase elements can be reported in questions 7.1/7.1a, and in 8.1/9/1 (in two new final columns – GCoM cities will be requested to indicate if any actions reported address energy-related issues and the related indicators), while the 'Target’ elements are addressed in question 6.1.

GCoM jurisdictions are required to report to at least one indicator from their GCoM Regional/National Covenant’s chosen energy attribute. These attributes are:

• Secure energy
• Sustainable energy
• Affordable energy

The below table indicates the different attributes, their related indicators (of which at least one must be reported to), and the CDP-ICLEI Track questions that collect data on that indicator. Please check which questions you have to report to based on the attribute selected for your region.

(3.1) Report the following information regarding your jurisdiction-wide energy consumption.

Change From Last Year

New question

Question Dependencies

Columns 3 and 4 are only presented to certain jurisdictions as detailed in the Response Options below. The selections made in column 3 will determine the presentation of questions 3.1a, 3.1b, 3.1c and 3.1d.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1 and 2: Columns 1, 2, and 5
• Pathway 3: Columns 1, 2, 3, and 5
• Column 4 is only presented to GCoM jurisdictions

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (Sustainable Energy)^
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7, SDG 12

GCoM Common Reporting Framework Reporting Requirements 

• GCoM reporting cities that have selected 'Source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed in your city' as an indicator for the regional attribute of ‘Sustainable Energy’ must select the option 'Thermal (heating and cooling) consumption mix data' in column 3 to be presented with the appropriate question 3.1b.
• GCoM reporting cities that have selected either 'Installed capacity of renewable energy sources within local boundary' and/or 'Total energy generated from renewable energy sources within local boundary' as indicator(s) for the regional attribute of ‘Sustainable Energy’ must select the option 'Energy generation mix data' in column 3 to be presented with the appropriate question 3.1c.

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

*Please note this column is only presented to jurisdictions that meet the following criteria:

• GCoM jurisdictions, and participants in C40 Cities, ICLEI GreenClimateCities, 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Network, and NetZeroCities Initiative.
• Responding to Questionnaire Pathway 3

**Please note this column is only presented to GCoM jurisdictions.

***Please note this option is only presented to C40 Cities, 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Network jurisdictions, WWF OPCC, and NetZeroCities Initiative jurisdictions.

Requested Content

Total energy consumption (MWh) (column 1)

• You are requested to report on the total annual jurisdiction-wide energy consumption in MWh.
• If your data is in a unit that is not MWh, please ensure it is converted to enable data comparability. Should you require guidance on converting the value to MWh, please see the CDP Technical Note Conversion of fuel data to MWh.

Total energy consumption from renewable energy sources (MWh) (column 2)

• You are requested to report on the total annual jurisdiction-wide energy consumption from renewable energy sources in MWh.
• Renewable energy can be defined as energy derived from sunlight, wind, geothermal processes, biomass, and water (including hydropower, oceanic/tidal energy) (ICLEI).
• If your data is in a unit that is not MWh, please ensure it is converted to enable data comparability. Should you require guidance on converting the value to MWh, please see the CDP Technical Note Conversion of fuel data to MWh.

Indicate the energy data for which you can report a fuel/technology mix (column 3)

• This column is only presented to certain jurisdictions, the criteria is stipulated above.
• Your selection in this column will determine the presentation of questions 3.1a, 3.1b, 3.1c, and 3.1d.

Indicate the energy-related assessments that have been undertaken for your jurisdiction (column 4)

• This column is only presented to GCoM jurisdictions.
• An energy assessment analyses the current energy access and energy poverty conditions of the municipality considering three key energy attributes:
  • Secure energy
  • Sustainable energy
  • Affordable energy
• An energy assessment is not the same as an energy plan. An energy plan captures the intentions and concrete policies and measures foreseen to increase access to secure, affordable and sustainable energy in the community and within the boundaries of the local government. An energy plan is forward-looking and built from the assessment of the current energy-related issues. Such an energy-related plan (either standalone or integrated as part of a wider climate action plan) may be reported in 7.1 and 7.1a.

Please explain (column 5)

• Please include a link(s) or attachment(s) regarding energy-related assessments that have been undertaken for your jurisdiction.
• Please provide any additional contextual information regarding the energy consumption data reported in columns 1 and 2.

Explanation of Terms

• Renewable energy / renewable source: energy that is derived from sunlight, wind, geothermal processes, biomass, and water (including hydropower, oceanic/tidal energy) (ICLEI).

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment shall provide information on the energy attribute(s) deemed most relevant by each Regional and National Covenant. Region- and country-specific attributes will be made available through regionalized versions of the Common Reporting Framework and communicated by Regional/National Covenant helpdesks.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment is framed by indicators for which local governments are invited to collect and provide information as below for the 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'.

Sustainable Energy Indicators:

• Energy consumption from renewable energy sources (question 3.1 column 2), or;
• Source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1b), or
• Installed capacity of renewable energy sources within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 1) or;
• Total energy generated from renewable energy source within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 3), or;
• Percentage of households within the municipality with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies (question 3.2 column 1)

Energy consumption from renewable energy sources

This indicator refers to the energy consumption from renewable energy sources and is to be reported as Megawatt-hour (MWh). The local authority could include reference to power purchase agreements (PPAs) or other schemes used to purchase green electricity used within the municipality boundary.

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM ‘Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'. All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

(3.1a) Report the total electricity consumption in MWh and the energy mix used for electricity consumption in your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

Modified question (2022 3.1)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented to cities that are shown column 3 ‘Indicate the energy data for which you can report a fuel/technology mix’ in question 3.1, and select the option ‘Electricity consumption mix data’.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7, SDG 12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

Requested Content

General

• In column 1 you are requested to report on the total annual jurisdiction-wide electricity consumption in MWh.
• If your data is in a unit that is not MWh, please convert it as this will enable data comparability. Should you require guidance on converting the value to MWh please see the CDP Technical Note: Conversion of fuel data to MWh.
• In column 2, select the applicable source of data you will use to report the percentage breakdown of electricity consumption data by source.
  • It is preferred that the percentage breakdown you report represents the breakdown of all electricity consumed within the boundary of your jurisdiction. Where this is the case select ‘Jurisdiction-level data’.
  • Where jurisdiction-level data is not available cities can report the breakdown of energy based on regional/state-, national- or utility-level data.
  • The option 'Regional/State-level data' can also include any other higher levels below national level, including at the county or province level if applicable.
  • If multiple sources of data are used, then please select the primary source and in the ‘Comment’ field report the various data sources used.
• If available, please provide a link to a webpage or report where this data can be accessed in the ‘Comment’ field.
• Please complete all relevant ‘Percentage of total consumption from...’ fields where data is available (columns 3 – 16). Where data is unavailable the field can be left blank. Where no electricity is consumed from that source, please enter 0 in the field. The percentage values inputted should add up to 100%.

Resources

• Further support and guidance on clean energy can be found on C40’s Knowledge Hub.
• Further information on the development of renewable energy across jurisdictions, using the most up-to-date information and data available, can be found in REN21’s Renewables in Cities Global Status Report.

(3.1b) Report the total thermal (heating/cooling) energy consumption in MWh and the energy mix used for thermal (heating/cooling) source mix breakdown for energy consumption in your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

New question

Question Dependencies

This question is presented to cities that are shown column 3 ‘Indicate the energy data for which you can report a fuel/technology mix’ in question 3.1, and select the option ‘Thermal (heating and cooling) consumption mix data’.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (Sustainable Energy)^
• NetZeroCities Initiative: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

Requested Content

General

• In column 1 you are requested to report on the total annual jurisdiction-wide thermal (heating/cooling) energy consumption in MWh.
• If your data is in a unit that is not MWh, please convert it as this will enable data comparability. Should you require guidance on converting the value to MWh please see the CDP Technical Note: Conversion of fuel data to MWh.
• In column 2, select the applicable source of data you will use to report the percentage breakdown of thermal consumption data by source.
  • It is preferred that the percentage breakdown you report represents the breakdown of all thermal energy consumed within the boundary of your jurisdiction. Where this is the case select ‘Jurisdiction-level data’.
  • Where jurisdiction-level data is not available cities can report the breakdown of thermal energy based on regional/state-, national- or utility-level data.
  • The option 'Regional/State-level data' can also include any other higher levels below national level, including at the county or province level if applicable.
  • If multiple sources of data are used, then please select the primary source and in the ‘Comment’ field report the various data sources used.
• If available, please provide a link to a webpage or report where this data can be accessed in the ‘Comment’ field.
• Please complete all relevant ‘Percentage of total consumption from...’ fields where data is available (columns 3 – 15). Where data is unavailable the field can be left blank. Where no thermal energy is consumed from that source, please enter 0 in the field. The percentage values inputted should add up to 100%.

Resources

• Further support and guidance on clean energy can be found on C40’s Knowledge Hub.
• Further information on the development of renewable energy across jurisdictions, using the most up-to-date information and data available, can be found in REN21’s Renewables in Cities Global Status Report.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment shall provide information on the energy attribute(s) deemed most relevant by each Regional and National Covenant. Region- and country-specific attributes will be made available through regionalized versions of the Common Reporting Framework and communicated by Regional/National Covenant helpdesks.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment is framed by indicators for which local governments are invited to collect and provide information as below for the 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'.

Sustainable Energy Indicators:

• Energy consumption from renewable energy sources (question 3.1 column 2), or;
• Source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1b), or
• Installed capacity of renewable energy sources within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 1) or;
• Total energy generated from renewable energy source within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 3), or;
• Percentage of households within the municipality with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies (question 3.2 column 1)

Source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed in your city

This indicator refers to the energy mix for total thermal (heating/cooling) energy consumed in the city and should be reported as 'Percentage (%) per thermal energy source'. It measures the share of the energy mix for each of the following: Coal, Gas, Oil, Bioenergy (Biomass and Biofuels), Geothermal, Solar (Thermal), Waste to energy, etc.

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'. All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

(3.1c) For each type of renewable energy within the jurisdiction boundary, report the installed capacity (MW) and annual generation (MWh).

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance (2022 3.2)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented to cities that are shown column 3 ‘Indicate the energy data for which you can report a fuel/technology mix’ in question 3.1, and select the option ‘Energy generation mix data’.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (Sustainable Energy)^
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

Requested Content

General

• The goal of this question is to get a better understanding of the installation of renewable energy across key areas, and the contribution of these installations at the jurisdiction-wide scale in absolute figures.
• In column 0 common sources of renewable energy are listed. Please indicate in the field 'Installed capacity (MW)' the MW capacity of renewable energy installed within the jurisdiction boundary, and in the field ‘Annual generation (MWh)’ the amount in MWh generated annually.
• If the energy source is not applicable in your electricity grid, please enter 0. Select an appropriate notation key in columns 2 and 4 to explain why there is no installed capacity or generation data to report.
• You can report in the 'Comment' field any other additional relevant information about the type of renewable energy that is installed within the jurisdiction boundary.

Notation keys (columns 2 and 4)

• Select an appropriate notation key to explain why there is no installed capacity or generation data to report.
• Notation keys may be used to accommodate limitations in data availability and differences in installed capacity across energy sources.
• Where notation keys are used, an accompanying explanation may be provided in the ‘Comment’ column
• The following are the descriptions on how to use the notation keys:
  • "NO" (not occurring): This energy source is not installed within the jurisdiction. This notation key may also be used for insignificant sources.
  • "NE" (not estimated): This energy source is installed but has not been estimated or reported. A justification for why not may be provided in the ‘Comment’ column.
  • "C" (confidential): Reporting the installed capacity of this energy source could lead to the disclosure of confidential information, and as such is not reported publicly.

Resources

• Further support and guidance on clean energy can be found on C40’s Knowledge Hub.
• Further information on the development of renewable energy across jurisdictions, using the most up-to-date information and data available, can be found in REN21’s Renewables in Cities Global Status Report.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment shall provide information on the energy attribute(s) deemed most relevant by each Regional and National Covenant. Region- and country-specific attributes will be made available through regionalized versions of the Common Reporting Framework and communicated by Regional/National Covenant helpdesks.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment is framed by indicators for which local governments are invited to collect and provide information as below for the 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'.

Sustainable Energy Indicators:

• Energy consumption from renewable energy sources (question 3.1 column 2), or;
• Source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1b), or
• Installed capacity of renewable energy sources within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 1) or;
• Total energy generated from renewable energy source within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 3), or;
• Percentage of households within the municipality with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies (question 3.2 column 1)

Total energy generated from renewable energy source within local boundary

This indicator refers to the total energy generated from renewable energy sources within the local boundary disaggregated per type of technology (wind, hydro, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, etc). be reported as Megawatt-hour (MWh).

Installed capacity of renewable energy within local boundary

This indicator refers to the installed capacity of renewable energy within the local boundary disaggregated per type of technology (wind, hydro, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, etc) and should be reported as Megawatt (MW).

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'. All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

(3.1d) Report the total jurisdiction-wide annual electricity and heating and cooling consumption for each sector listed and for your government operations.

Change From Last Year

No change to question, revised question dependency (2022 3.1a)

Question Dependencies

This question is presented to cities that are shown column 3 ‘Indicate the energy data for which you can report a fuel/technology mix’ in question 3.1, and are shown and select the option ‘Sector energy consumption breakdown data’

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

(3.2) Report the percentage of households within the jurisdiction with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies.

Change From Last Year

New question

Question Dependencies

This question is only presented to GCoM jurisdictions and members of the 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Network.

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (Sustainable Energy)^
• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• Clean cooking fuels and technologies can be defined as those that attain the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels recommended in the WHO global air quality guidelines (2021). For further information, please see the World Health Organization definitions.
• In column 2, select the applicable source of data you will use to report the percentage breakdown of thermal consumption data by source.
  
  • It is preferred that the percentage breakdown you report represents the breakdown of all thermal energy consumed within the boundary of your jurisdiction. Where this is the case select ‘Jurisdiction-level data’.
  • Where jurisdiction-level data is not available cities can report the breakdown of thermal energy based on regional/state-, national- or utility-level data.
  • The option 'Regional/State-level data' can also include any other higher levels below national level, including at the county or province level if applicable.
  • If multiple sources of data are used, then please select the primary source and in the ‘Comment’ field report the various data sources used.
• If available, please provide a link to a webpage or report where this data can be accessed in the ‘Comment’ field.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment shall provide information on the energy attribute(s) deemed most relevant by each Regional and National Covenant. Region- and country-specific attributes will be made available through regionalized versions of the Common Reporting Framework and communicated by Regional/National Covenant helpdesks.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment is framed by indicators for which local governments are invited to collect and provide information as below for the 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'.

Sustainable Energy Indicators:

• Energy consumption from renewable energy sources (question 3.1 column 2), or;
• Source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1b), or
• Installed capacity of renewable energy sources within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 1) or;
• Total energy generated from renewable energy source within local boundary (question 3.1 column 3 and question 3.1c column 3), or;
• Percentage of households within the municipality with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies (question 3.2 column 1)

Percentage of households within the municipality with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies

This indicator refers to the share of household access within your jurisdiction to clean cooking fuels and technologies. For a complete definition of clean cooking fuels and technologies please refer to World Health Organization definitions accessible at:

• WHO: Defining clean fuels and technologies
• WHO: Household air pollution

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'. All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

(3.3) How many households within the jurisdiction boundary face energy poverty? Select the threshold used for energy poverty in your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 3.4)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (Affordable Energy)^
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG7

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• Addressing energy access and energy poverty are important elements for the sustainable development, resilience, and well-being of cities and local governments.
• A common indicator for measuring energy poverty is the share of households' income spent on energy services and is the primary indicator used in the context of this question.
• If the measure used for energy poverty is not defined by the percentage of income spent on energy services and cannot be converted to this measure then please select ‘Other, please specify’ and report the threshold that is used.
• Definitions of energy poverty vary by jurisdiction; in this question you are requested to report based on the share of households' income spent on energy services. However, if this is not possible you may use the definition that is most applicable in the context of your jurisdiction and to describe this definition in the field ‘Comment’.
• If the term ‘energy poverty’, as used in the context of this question, is not the term used in your jurisdiction, please report to this question in the context of the term that is used. For example, this could include other related terminology including ‘fuel poverty’ and ‘energy precariousness’. If this is applicable to your jurisdiction, please provide the term used in the field ‘Comment’. Examples of definitions of energy poverty are provided below.

Comment (column 4)

• Please report any additional information relating to the values reported in this question, including information on sources or methodologies used to determine the reported values.
• For example, this can include further information on the definition and methodology used by your jurisdiction. This can also include details on the scope, for example if this figure applies only to energy use taking place in homes or also includes transport related energy use and energy use in non-domestic work contexts.

Examples of energy poverty definitions

• Energy poverty is defined “a situation where a household or an individual is unable to afford basic energy services (heating, cooling, lighting, mobility and power) to guarantee a decent standard of living due to a combination of low income, high energy expenditure and low energy efficiency of their homes” (European Commission, Citizens’ Energy Forum 2016)
• Energy poverty is defined by Day et al. (2016) as ‘an inability to realize essential capabilities as a direct or indirect result of insufficient access to affordable, reliable and safe energy services, and taking into account available reasonable alternative means of realizing these capabilities.’
• In England fuel poverty is measured using the Low-Income High Costs (LIHC) indicator. Under the LIHC indicator, a household is considered to be fuel poor if they have required fuel costs that are above average (the national median level) and were they to spend that amount, they would be left with a residual income below the official poverty line.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment shall provide information on the energy attribute(s) deemed most relevant by each Regional and National Covenant. Region- and country-specific attributes will be made available through regionalized versions of the Common Reporting Framework and communicated by Regional/National Covenant helpdesks.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment is framed by indicators for which local governments are invited to collect and provide information as below for the 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar':

Affordable Energy Indicator:

• Percentage of households or population within the city boundary that spending up to X% of income on energy service

This indicator measures the share of population facing energy poverty based on the threshold identified by the jurisdiction. The jurisdiction can provide additional information if available. The threshold used for energy poverty is:

• Percentage (%) of income spent on energy services
• Up to 5% of income spent on energy services
• Up to 10% of income spent on energy services
• Up to 15% of income spent on energy services
• Up to 20% or more of income spent on energy services

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'. All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

(3.4) Report the following information on access to secure energy for your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

New question

Question Dependencies

This question is only presented to GCoM jurisdictions and members of the 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Network.

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar (Secure Energy)^
• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• The goal of this question is to get a better understanding of the access to secure energy across your jurisdiction.
  
  • Percentage of population or households with access to electricity refers to the energy supply that is guaranteed and available when needed in the required quantities.
  • Average duration of available electricity refers to the average length of time during which electricity is available for use.
  • Average yearly final energy consumption per capita refers to the average yearly energy consumption per capita as a relative factor that allows the understanding of the technological and socioeconomic growth that allows an uninterrupted connection to a secure electricity grid.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

The energy access and energy poverty assessment shall provide information on the energy attribute(s) deemed most relevant by each Regional and National Covenant. Region- and country-specific attributes will be made available through regionalized versions of the Common Reporting Framework and communicated by Regional/National Covenant helpdesks.

Secure Energy Indicators:

• Percentage of municipality population or households with access to electricity
• Average duration of available electricity
• Average yearly energy consumption per capita

Percentage of municipality population or households with access to electricity

This indicator refers to the energy supply that is guaranteed and available when needed in the required quantities. Signatories could detail percentage % of on-grid and % off-grid electricity access. This indicator should be reported either as 'Percentage (%) of households with access to electricity' or 'Percentage (%) of jurisdiction population with access to electricity'.

Average duration of available electricity

This indicator refers to the average length of time during which electricity is available (or inversely, unavailable) for use. This indicator should be reported either as 'Number of hours electricity is available per day (hours/day)' or ' Number of hours electricity is available per week (hours/week)' or 'Number of hours electricity is available per year (hours/year)' or 'Number of days per year electricity is available (days/year)'.

Average yearly energy consumption per capita

This indicator refers to the average yearly energy consumption per capita is a relative factor that allows the understanding of the technological and socioeconomic growth that allows an uninterrupted connection to a secure electricity grid. This indicator should be reported either as 'kWh/year/person' or 'Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE) /person'.

GCoM required columns and common mistakes

This question is mandatory to be compliant with the GCoM 'Energy Access and Poverty Pillar'. All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately.

Transport Data

Mode share

(3.5) Report your jurisdiction's passenger and/or freight mode share data.

Change From Last Year

Minor change

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Rows 1-12, and 23 (Passenger mode share)
• Pathway 2 and 3: Rows 1-23 (Passenger and Freight mode share)

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG9, SDG11

ICLEI Ecomobility / Ecologistics

• Cities participating in ICLEI Ecomobility and/or Ecologistics will be presented with this complete question.

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• Modal share can be defined as the share of people using a particular mode of transport (including cycling and walking) within the overall transport usage of an urban area. Modal share can be calculated for passenger and freight (logistics) transport based on different units, such as number of trips, volume, weight, passenger-km or tonne-km (Source: EEA, 2013)
• In the field ‘Mode share data to report’ indicate whether your city has the data to report mode share for passenger and/or freight transport. This will determine what rows are presented as indicated by the * symbol.
  • Passenger mode share fields (rows 2 – 12) are only presented if the option ‘Passenger mode share as share of trips’ or ‘Passenger mode share as share of vehicle distance travelled’ is selected in row 1.
  • Freight mode share fields (rows 14 – 21) are only presented if the option ‘Freight mode share as share of trips’ or ‘Freight mode share as share of vehicle distance travelled’ is selected in row 13.
  • If no selection is made or only the option ‘Jurisdiction does not have passenger mode share data/mode share data for freight transport’ is selected, then only the field ‘Comment’ is presented.
• Where no trips are made for a particular mode type, or if a mode type is not relevant in your jurisdiction, then please enter 0 in the applicable field.
• The fields ‘Total passenger mode share reported’ and ‘Total freight mode share reported’ are auto-calculated. Please ensure that the value of these fields is equal to 100.
• In the field ‘Comment’ you can report the source of mode share data, for example specifying if the reported mode share data is based on city-level, regional-level or national-level data. Reported data is not required to meet any predefined level of data accuracy for the reported data however to facilitate data analysis, users are requested to report, if possible, if the data is considered to be of high, medium or low data accuracy.

Passenger mode share

• The field ‘Micromobility (including e-scooters)’ refers to a range of small, lightweight devices operating at speeds typically below 25 km/h and is ideal for trips up to 10km. It includes scooters, bicycles, skateboards, cargo bikes and rickshaws. For further information see the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy’s resource on ‘Defining Micromobility’. If you included travel by bicycle in in the previous field ('Passenger mode share: Cycling'), then please exclude it from this field.
• The field ‘Buses’ refers to your cities public fleet of buses or publicly procured bus services, private coach travel can be reported under ‘Private motorized transport’
• You can use the field ‘Comment’ to specify the metric used for calculating the mode share value (i.e., percentage of trips, percentage of tonnage, percentage of vkt or tonne-km or any alternative approach used) and the method used to calculate the values reported, for example indicating if this includes all freight trips made within the city, if it applies to all day or peak travel times etc.

Freight mode share

• Classification of Light Goods Vehicles (LGV), Medium Goods Vehicles (MGV) and Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) vary globally based on vehicle size, gross vehicle weight, horsepower, number of axles and a wide range of other local factors.
• This information is generally made publicly available by the relevant authority within the country/area/region, for example UK guidance.
• Please report based on the classification system applicable to your country/area/region. If unknown the classification below can be used when reporting:
  • LGV: Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) <3.5 tonnes
  • MGV: Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) 3.5t-12 tonnes
  • HGV: Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) >12 tonnes
  • Rail: Includes train, metro and tram

Emissions and fleet size by mode

(3.6) Report the total emissions, fleet size and number of vehicle types for the following modes of transport.

Change From Last Year

No change

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG3, SDG9, SDG11

ICLEI Ecomobility / Ecologistics

• Cities participating in ICLEI Ecomobility and/or Ecologistics will be presented with this complete question.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. Please ensure all reported emissions data is in metric tonnes CO2e.

Requested Content

General

• Data is requested on the following modes of transport:
  • Private vehicles: road motor vehicles, other than a moped or a motorcycle, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine persons (including the driver).
  • Buses
  • Municipal fleet: includes sedans, special use vehicles like police cars and vans etc, and excludes buses.
  • Freight vehicles: road vehicles designed, exclusively or primarily, to carry goods. Included are:
    
    • Light goods road vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of not more than 3 500 kg, designed exclusively or primarily, to carry goods, e.g. vans and pick-ups;
    • Heavy goods road vehicles with a gross vehicle weight above 3 500 kg, designed, exclusively or primarily, to carry goods;
    • Road tractors;
    • Agricultural tractors permitted to use roads open to public traffic.
  • Taxis/Transport network companies/Carshares
• If you don’t have data for these modes of transport, please explain this in the field ‘Comment’.
• In row 1, report the annual emissions data for each mode of transport. All emissions should be reported in metric tons of CO2e. Common conversion factors are included in the Technical Note "Units of Measure Conversions".
• In row 2, report the total fleet size for each mode of transport.
• In rows 3 – 6, report the vehicle types for each mode of transport.

Waste Data

Waste

(3.7) Report the following waste-related data for your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, modified guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Row 1
• Pathway 2 and 3: Row 1 - Row 9

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
  
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG6, SDG11, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• Minimizing waste generation and maximizing waste recycling is central to the concept of circular economy. However, the total amount of produced materials currently recycled is estimated to be low (based on academic literature). Understanding how waste is generated, collected and recycled will put jurisdictions and other relevant parties in a better position to identify how to tackle the issues they face for key waste streams, such as metals, e-waste and plastics.

Data availability (column 1)

• Report the applicable source of data you will use to report the breakdowns of waste-related data.
• It is preferred that the data you report represents that sourced at a jurisdiction-level.
• Where jurisdictional-level data is not available, you may report the breakdown of waste-related data based on scaled state-/regional- or national-level data.
• If you select the option ‘This data is not available to report’ you will not be presented with the column ‘Response (in unit specified)’ or ‘Year data applies to’, as indicated by the * symbol. Optionally you may provide further context on why this data is not available or the support you may require collecting this data in the column ‘Comment’.

Total amount of solid waste generated (tonnes/year) (row 1)

• Total solid waste generated is the total amount of solid waste (both hazardous and non-hazardous) generated in the jurisdiction during the most recent reporting year for which data is available.
• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) includes waste originating from households, commerce and trade, small businesses, office buildings and institutions (schools, hospitals, government buildings). It also includes bulky waste (e.g., old furniture, mattresses) and waste from selected municipal services, e.g., waste from park and garden maintenance, waste from street cleaning services (street sweepings, the content of litter containers, market cleansing waste), if managed as waste (UN SDG12 Indicator Guidance).
• In the column ‘Comment’ you are invited to report information on who is providing the solid waste collection service in your jurisdiction i.e., is it local authority and/or contractor(s).
• If available, attach a waste composition analysis and a sectoral breakdown of solid waste collected (residential, commercial, industrial, construction and demolition waste etc.)
• Worldwide, waste generated per person per day averages 0.74 kilogram but ranges widely, from 0.11 to 4.54 kilograms. Though they only account for 16 percent of the world’s population, high-income countries generate about 34 percent, or 683 million tonnes, of the world’s waste (World Bank).
• Using this data from the World Bank, for a population size of 5000, the minimum total amount of solid waste generated would be 200.75 tonnes per year. As a result, please note that your annual total amount of solid waste generated should not be below 200 tonnes.

Percentage of the total solid waste generated that is utilized for waste to energy (%) (row 2)

• Incineration and anaerobic digestion represent two existing types of MSW waste-to-energy facilities, and as alternatives to landfilling. Anaerobic digestion is applicable only to organic materials found in MSW, whereas incineration works for all combustible materials. Both require prior separation of recyclables to achieve optimal resource recovery and can produce electricity, heat, or both (US Department of Energy; US EIA).
• Additionally, when MSW is disposed of in landfills, it generates biogas, which is mostly comprised of methane and carbon dioxide. When captured, this gas can be converted to power, heat, and/or other product (US Department of Energy).
• This indicator may be calculated as the solid waste utilized for the above as a proportion of total solid waste generated, not including waste transferred to landfill or incineration where energy is not utilized, or where waste is recycled or reused (according to the definitions in the guidance below for rows 4 and 5).

Percentage of the total solid waste generated that is diverted away from landfill and incineration (%) (row 3)

• For the purposes of this indicator, total solid waste diverted away from landfill and incineration can be calculated as the total amount of solid waste generated minus that transferred to landfill or incineration, as a proportion of the total solid waste generated.

Percentage of the diverted solid waste generated that is recycled (%) (row 4)

• For the purposes of this indicator, recycling can be defined as any reprocessing of waste material that diverts it from the waste stream, except for reuse as fuel or reuse according to the definition below (see the guidance for row 5) (UN SDG12 Indicator Guidance).
• Note that recycling includes co-digestion/anaerobic digestion and composting/aerobic process, but not controlled combustion (incineration) or land application.
• This indicator may thus be calculated as the quantity of material recycled (according to the above definition) in the jurisdiction plus quantities exported for recycling out of total waste generated in the jurisdiction, minus material imported intended for recycling (material recycled + material exported for recycling – material imported for recycling) / total waste generated) (UN SDG12 Indicator Guidance).
• If your jurisdiction uses a different definition the data can still be reported. You are requested to provide the definition used in the field ‘Comment’.
• If recycling takes place in the informal sector and does not enter formal channels, your jurisdiction can estimate the size of the informal recycling sector to account for all the recycling in the jurisdiction. You may explain this in the field ‘Comment’.

Percentage of the diverted solid waste generated that is reused (%) (row 5)

• For the purposes of this indicator, reuse of waste means any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived (Eurostat).
• If your jurisdiction uses a different definition the data can still be reported. You are requested to provide the definition used in the field ‘Comment’.

Explanation of Terms

• Landfill: A landfill is defined as a discrete area of land or excavation that receives waste. A landfill may also receive other types of non-hazardous wastes, such as commercial solid waste, non-hazardous sludge, conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste, and industrial non-hazardous solid waste (US EPA).
• Incineration: Incineration is a thermal waste treatment technique that can be understood as a controlled combustion process with the primary objective of volume reduction and energy recovery from the waste stream (Waste Treatment Processes for Energy Generation, 2019).
• Source separation: Source separation of MSW mentioned refers to the waste sorting at the generated place before transportation, whose purpose is to reduce waste generation better, recovery of available resources, and hazardous waste disposal (Tai et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2019). One example of source separation (also called curb side separation) is separation done by individual citizens who collect newspapers, bottles, cans, and garbage separately and place them at the curb for collection.
• Food waste: Methods to quantify food waste range from quantification methods such as direct weighing to more complex methods as waste composition analysis where food waste must be separated from other material in order to be measured. Similarly, the data could be gathered in different ways. After data is collected from a sample of food waste producing units, and/or from physical samples, then they need to be scaled up to estimate the total amount of food waste generated. Guidance on the different methods, the sampling, and on approaches for scaling up data are available here:
  • Estimating food waste at the city level
  • Scaling up data
  • Milan Urban Food Policy Pact Monitoring Framework

Public Health Data

(3.8) Report on how climate change impacts health outcomes and health services in your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1: Columns 1-3, 7
• Pathway 2 and 3: Columns 1-7

Connection to Other Frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG3, SDG11, SDG13

Response Option

Please complete the following table. The table is displayed over several rows for readability. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested Content

General

• This question identifies the impact of climate change on your jurisdiction's health systems and the health outcomes of its residents. This information can be used to guide health-related climate change adaptation and is also used to inform progress on jurisdiction-level climate change adaptation for health in the annual report published by the Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change.
• There is not yet a systematic way or methodology to collect this data. Therefore, the response can be based on both quantitative statistics as well as qualitative observations. It does not have to be published.
• You are able to add rows for each climate hazard or health issue you are reporting on using the “Add Row” button.
• See the WHO Urban Health Initiative case study on Accra and Kathmandu for more information and examples on how to enable cities to include health in policymaking.
• There are several tools and resources cities can use to calculate the health impact of climate hazards and actions. See the Resources section below.

Health areas affected by climate change (column 1)

• You may select from the following options:
  • Health Outcomes: the changes in an individual’s or community’s health, both physical and mental which can be attributed to climate change.
  • Health System: e.g., service provision, infrastructure and technologies. The effects of climate change on health systems, defined as: (i) all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and/or maintain health; (ii) the people, institutions and resources, arranged together in accordance with established policies, to improve the health of the population they serve, while responding to people’s legitimate expectations and protecting them against the cost of ill‐health through a variety of activities whose primary intent is to improve health.
  • Areas Outside the Health System: the effects of climate change on activities and sectors other than the health system that, directly or indirectly, affect health outcomes (e.g. agriculture, water and sanitation, transport, power generation, built environment).
• If your jurisdiction is not yet able to measure climate change related health impacts or does not know the health areas affected by climate change, select the relevant options and explain your selection in the column 'Comment'.

Identify the climate hazard(s) that most significantly impact the selected health area (column 2)

• Select the physical climate hazard(s) that most closely reflects that which impacts your selected health area.
• This list is not exhaustive. Should the climate hazard that impacts the selected health area not fit under any listed, select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the climate hazard into the text box presented.
• The following guidance may help your selection:
  • Extreme heat; Extreme cold: includes (where relevant) extreme hot/cold days, heat/cold waves, and the urban heat island effect.
  • Water stress: refers to the ability, or lack thereof, to meet human and ecological demand for fresh water. Water stress hazards may include water availability, water quality, and the accessibility of water (i.e. whether people are able to make use of physically-available water supplies), which is often a function of the sufficiency of infrastructure and the affordability of water, among other things (based on the CEO Water Mandate’s definition of water stress).
  • Urban flooding; River flooding; Coastal flooding: includes (where relevant) types of flooding such as groundwater flooding, pluvial (flash/surface flooding), tidal inundation and sea level rise.
  • Other coastal events: includes other hazards that impact the coast and coastal communities such as saltwater intrusion and coastal erosion.
  • Extreme wind: includes extreme events such as tornados.
  • Storm: includes violent atmospheric disturbances not classed as a hurricane, cyclone, or typhoon, such as rainstorms, tropical storms, thunder/lightning/electrical storms, squalls, sand/dust storms, blizzards, hailstorms, or snowstorms.
  • Mass movement: includes hazards such as landslides, avalanches, rock falls, subsidence, or solifluction (mass movement related to freeze-thaw activity).
  • Other forms of climate-induced landscape shift/degradation: includes ecosystem/region shifts, permafrost thawing, and desertification.
  • Infectious disease: includes water-borne, vector-born, and air-borne diseases.

Identify the health issues driven by the selected climate hazard(s) (column 3)

• Heat-related illnesses: e.g., heat exhaustion, heat stroke, heat cramps.
• Cold-related illnesses: e.g., hypothermia, frostbite.
• Vector-borne infections and illnesses: e.g., malaria, dengue, Lyme disease, tick-born encephalitis.
• Water-borne infections and illnesses: e.g., typhoid fever, E coli, cholera, legionella, diarrhoeal diseases.
• Food-borne infections and illnesses: e.g., typhoid fever, E coli, salmonella, Norovirus, diarrhoeal diseases.
• Exacerbation of non-communicable disease symptoms - respiratory disease: e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections.
• Exacerbation of non-communicable disease symptoms – cardiovascular disease: e.g., coronary heart disease, stroke, aortic disease, high blood pressure.
• Exacerbation of non-communicable disease symptoms – other, please specify: e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cancer.
• Mental health impacts: e.g., depression, anxiety, exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions.
• Emotional and/or spiritual health impacts, e.g., disruption to land-based practices which are important for holistic health.
• Food & Nutrition Security: e.g., lack of access/decreased availability to food and subsequent malnourishment.
• Disruption to water, sanitation and wastewater services: e.g., lack of access/decreased availability of fresh, potable water.
• Disruption to health service provision: e.g., decreased or lack of access to health services such as health clinics, hospitals, etc.
• Disruption of health-related services: e.g., roads, electricity, communications, emergency/ambulatory response, laboratories, pharmacies.

Timeframe of impact (column 4)

• Indicate the timescale at which the impact is expected to occur based on the following list of values:
  • Short-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the impact of health issues driven by climate change by 2025.
  • Medium-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the impact of health issues driven by climate change between 2026 and 2050.
  • Long-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the impact of health issues driven by climate change after 2051.

Identify which vulnerable populations are affected by the selected health issue(s) (column 5)

• Select the vulnerable population groups that are expected to be most affected by the selected health issue. This information can help jurisdictions have a better understanding of the vulnerability dimension of risks and in prioritizing their actions.
• Vulnerable groups are local-context-bound and could include the options listed, though this list is not exhaustive. Should you wish to report a population group not listed select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the name of the population group.
• There are different methodologies for assessing vulnerabilities at the jurisdiction level, and they differ in terms of technical capacities and resources required. An example might be Indicator-Based Vulnerability Assessments.
• Marginalized/minority communities may include refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and national minorities.
• Low-income households may include unemployed persons and persons living in sub-standard housing.

Comment (column 7)

• You can use the field ‘Comment’ to provide information on the approach and/or methodology used to determine the health impact of climate change in the jurisdiction.
• Report any further information to explain the impact of climate change on health outcomes and the health system in your jurisdiction. For example, health or climate hazard concerns or further details on the impact of climate change on health in your jurisdiction that is not covered.

Resources

Air Quality

(3.9) Report the following air pollution data for the jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

Modified question (2022 3.10)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG3, SDG11

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the 'Add Row’ button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting everyone in low-, middle-, and high-income countries/areas. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in both cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide per year in 2016; this mortality is due to exposure to fine particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5), which cause cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and cancers (WHO, 2021).

Air pollution metric (column 1)

• Number of days exceeding air quality guidelines/standards (times/year). Methodologies cities can use to measure days exceeding air quality guidelines/standards include:
  • WHO Air Quality Guidelines 2021: The updated guidelines state that annual average concentrations of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 µg/m3, while 24-hour average exposures should not exceed 15 µg/m3 more than 3 - 4 days per year. For Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual average concentrations should not exceed 10 5 µg/m3 and 25 µg/m3 24-hour mean (C40 Knowledge Hub).
  • Air Quality Index (AQI) Standard. The AQI runs from 0 to 500. The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater the health concern. For example, an AQI value of 50 or below represents good air quality, while an AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality. Click here for more information on how to use the AQI.
    
• If data is not available, select ‘No air pollution data to report’ and specify why and what support is required to measure in the comment field.
• In case air pollution metric data is collected on the regional/state/federal level, provide the value available to you and explain in the comment field where this is collected from.

Value (column 2)

• This column is not presented when the option 'No air pollution data to report' is selected in column 1.
• PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations: report the value in micrograms per cubic meter of air (ug/m3)
• Number of days exceeding air quality guidelines/standards (times/year): report the number of days per year that exceeds the guidelines or standards used in the jurisdiction to calculate air pollution.
• If the jurisdiction has multiple air quality monitoring stations, the value should be the average across all stations.

Number of air quality monitoring stations measuring this pollutant in your city (column 3)

• This column is presented when PM2.5, NO2 or ‘Other air pollution metric, please specify’ is selected in column 1.
• Provide the number of air quality monitoring stations (Reference Grade, Lower-cost and/or Passive/Integrated) within your jurisdiction that are measuring air pollution levels for the air pollutant selected in column 1.

Year the data was collected (column 4)

• Provide the year in which the data indicated in column 1 was collected.

Weblink to air pollution data from monitoring site(s) (column 5)

• If available, please provide a link to a website or publicly available report where monitoring locations and monitor-specific information can be found. This can include low-cost sensors and reference grade monitors either deployed by the jurisdiction or external partners (universities, national/federal agencies, non-profits, etc.) For example: London Air.

Comment (column 6)

• You can use the field ‘Comment’ to specify the guidelines/standard used to calculate number of days exceeding air quality guidelines/standards and to report the year applicable to the data reported.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

(3.10) Provide details of the household access to water, sanitation services and water consumption in your jurisdiction.

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 3.11)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG6

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• This question requests data on the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Access to water and sanitation is a human right, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), between 50 and 100 litres of water per person per day are needed to ensure that most basic needs are met (UN).Whereby some jurisdictions will need to focus on increasing household access to water, others will need to focus on reducing water consumption to conserve this resource.

Data availability (column 1)

• Please indicate the data your jurisdiction has to report as it pertains to the percentage of households with access to safely managed drinking water services, the percentage of households with access to safely managed sanitation services and/or water consumption per capita per day. Your selection will determine which of the subsequent columns are presented as indicated by the * symbol.

Percentage of households with access to safely managed drinking water services (column 2)

• This figure is the percentage of households within the jurisdiction who have clean drinkable water available, either directly within their home, or accessible within a short distance, no further than 200 meters from the home.
• WHO/UNICEF defines a safely managed drinking water as an improved water source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include: piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.

Percentage of households with access to safely managed sanitation services (column 3)

• This figure is the percentage of households within the jurisdiction that have access to safely managed sanitation facilities, and at least basic handwashing facilities.
• “A safely managed sanitation facility is one where excreta is safely disposed of in situ or treated off-site. A basic handwashing facility is defined as a device to contain, transport or regulate the flow of water to facilitate handwashing with soap and water in the household” (SDG Tracker).

Household water consumption (litres/capita/day) (column 4)

• Report the water consumption per capita of people whose homes have a water connection to the jurisdiction’s network.
• Water consumption in this question refers to drinking, cooking, washing, sanitation and other domestic uses.
• This data can usually be obtained from the utility agency supplying your jurisdiction’s network.

Comment (column 5)

• Report whether (and to what extent) your jurisdiction addresses gender inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene.
• If known, provide water consumption forecasts and the number of years the estimate is for.
• If you do not have data on water and sanitation, you can use the ‘Comment’ field to explain why.

Food data

(3.11) What percentage of your population is food insecure and/or lives in a food desert?

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 3.12)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG2

Response Option

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

Data availability (column 1)

• Indicate whether your jurisdiction has data to report for the percentage of population that is food insecure and/or the percentage of population lives in a food desert.
• Your selection will determine the presentation of columns 2 and 3 as indicated by the * symbol.

Percentage of population that is food insecure (column 2)

• Report the percentage of jurisdiction population that is food insecure as defined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators for monitoring Target 2.1 “End Hunger”: a) the prevalence of undernourishment; and/or b) the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FAO).
• While some jurisdictions may have their own definition of local food insecurity and are encouraged to share their definition, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale indicator provides internationally comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing moderate or severe difficulties in accessing food. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale produces a measure of the severity of food insecurity experienced by individuals or households, based on direct interviews. More information on this indicator can be found at FAO-WFP et al The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 or at MUFPP indicator 18.

Percentage of population that lives in a food desert (column 3)

• Report the percentage of jurisdiction population living in a food desert
• Food deserts are geographic areas where residents’ access to food is restricted or non-existent due to the absence or low density of “food entry points” within a practical travelling distance (FAO, 2017).
• The USDA defines food deserts as a geographic area where at least 500 people or 33% of the population located more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket or large grocery store (USDA, 2012).

Comment (column 4)

• You can use the ‘Comment’ field to provide information on the definition and methodology used to calculate food insecurity and food deserts.
• If you do not have data on food insecurity and/or food deserts, you can use the ‘Comment’ field to explain why.

Procurement

(3.12) Report the total quantity of food that is procured (in tonnes) for government-owned and/or operated facilities (including municipal facilities, schools, hospitals, youth centers, shelters, public canteens, prisons etc.). If available, please provide a breakdown per food group.

Change from Last Year

No change (2022 3.13)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG2, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

Requested Content

General 

• Food public procurement relates to both the purchasing of (raw) food and the contracting out of catering services fully or in parts by public authorities. It applies to different settings and venues such as hospitals, care homes, armed forces, prisons, canteens in governmental buildings, and education settings including universities and public schools. This will differ in each jurisdiction based upon their individual situation.  
• For more information on collecting this information from suppliers, see WRI’s ‘Cool Food Pledge’. The Cool Food Pledge (www.coolfoodpledge.org) is a global initiative that helps food providers advance one important consumption-focused solution: selling delicious dishes with smaller climate footprints. The Cool Food Pledge helps signatories commit to a science-based pledge for food-related GHG emissions reduction, track the climate impact of the food they serve, develop plans to shift their offerings in a consumer-friendly way, and promote their achievements as leaders in a growing movement. Signatories come from various sectors, including companies, restaurants, jurisdiction governments, universities, schools, and hospitals. ( WRI Cool Food Pledge technical note) 

Total quantity of food procured (column 1) 

• Report the total quantity of food procured in tonnes per year by municipal public bodies or by catering services fully or in part contracted out by your jurisdiction. Common conversion factors are included in the Technical Note “Units of Measure Conversions”.
• Items to be considered might include the meals served by the jurisdiction and in public facilities, meals served/food provided through assistance programmes, meals sold in public facilities (e.g. vending machines). 
• A ‘0’ (zero) should only be used for reporting zero volumes and not for an absence of data.  

Breakdown of procured food by food group (column 2) 

• The breakdown by food group can differ depending on the methodology used to measure the total quantity of food.  
• WRI Cool Food Pledge developed a calculator which includes default land-use and emission factors by region, and helps pledge signatories enter and estimate five important metrics: 1) Food purchases by food type (boneless equivalent, in kilograms or pounds), 2) Food-related GHG emissions from agricultural supply chains, in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 e), 3) Food-related land use (in hectares), 4) Food-related carbon opportunity costs (tonnes of CO2 e), and 5) Normalized metrics (several possible units of measure). 

• Beef 
• Buffalo 
• Other ruminant meat (goat, lamb, sheep) 
• Pork 
• Poultry  
• Fish and seafood: fish (finfish), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, prawns), mollusks (e.g. clams, oysters) 
• Liquid dairy: milk, yoghurt 
• Solid dairy: cheese, butter, ice cream 
• Eggs 
• Legumes and pulses: beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, peanuts and peanut butter, soybeans and tofu 
• Nuts and seeds 
• Grains: rice, wheat (flour), corn (maize) (flour), bread and baked goods, pasta and noodles, other grains and flours 
• Plant-based milk substitutes: almond milk, oat milk, rice milk, soy milk 
• Fruits 
• Vegetables (non-roots/tubers) 
• Roots and tubers 
• Sugars and sweeteners 
• Vegetable oils 

Year data applies to (column 3) 

• Report the information for the most recent year which data is available. 

Comment (column 4) 

• If you do not have food procurement data available to report, you can use the ‘comment’ field to explain why. 

Water Data

(3.13) Report the sources of your jurisdiction’s water supply, volumes withdrawn per source, and the projected change.

Change From Last Year

No change (2022 3.14)

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG6

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

[Add Row]

Requested Content

Source of jurisdiction’s water supply (column 1)

• Select the sources of water supply for your jurisdiction.
• The water supply sources selected should include water drawn from all sources within and outside the jurisdiction boundary for any use over the course of the past reporting year.
• You are able to add rows for each source by using the “Add Row” button.
• If your jurisdiction does not have this data to report, select ‘Do not have information on water sources’.

Are you able to report volumetric data for this source? (column 2)

• This column is presented if any water supply source is selected in response to column 1 (dependency indicated by the * symbol).
• For each water source reported, select whether you are able to provide the annual volume of water withdrawn.

Annual volume of water withdrawn per source (in megalitres) (column 3)

• This column is presented if “Yes” is selected in response to column 2 (dependency indicated by the * symbol).
• Report the volume of total water drawn from each of the known sources. This may be an estimate.
• Report volume in megalitres per year (1 megalitre = 1 million litres or 1000m3).

Projected level of change over the next 5-10 years (column 4)

• This column is presented if “Yes” is selected in response to column 2 (dependency indicated by the * symbol).
• Use the drop-down options to indicate whether you expect water withdrawals to increase, decrease or stay the same from each source in the near future.
• You may use the ‘Comment’ field to provide any further context for your selection.

Comment (column 5)

• If you have identified a projected level of change in water withdrawal, provide details on the reason(s) why, e.g., population change, industry, recognition of risks associated with the source.

Explanation of Terms

• Fresh surface water, including rainwater, water from wetlands, rivers and lakes: Water that is naturally occurring water on the Earth’s surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and has a low concentration of dissolved solids. Surface water includes collected or harvested rainwater (GRI Standards 2018).
• Ground water (non-renewable): Water which is being held in, and can be recovered from, an underground formation. Non-renewable groundwater has a negligible rate of natural recharge on the human time-scale (more than 50 years), and is generally located at deeper depths than renewable groundwater. This is sometimes referred to as “fossil” water.
• Ground water (renewable): Water which is being held in, and can be recovered from, an underground formation. Renewable groundwater sources can be replenished within 50 years and are usually located at shallow depths.
• Desalinated seawater: Sea water has a typical concentration of salts above 35,000mg/l total dissolved solids. Desalination is the process by which the salt content of water is reduced sufficiently to make the water fir for specified uses (International Glossary of Hydrology, UNESCO).

Module: Targets

4. Adaptation Goals

(4.1) Does your jurisdiction have an adaptation goal(s) in place? If no adaptation goal is in place, please indicate the primary reason why.

Change From Last Year

No change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation Pillar^
• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Select one of the following options:

• Yes, our jurisdiction has an adaptation goal(s)
• No, but we are planning to introduce a goal in the next two years
• No, and not intending to set a goal
• No, due to a lack of resources
• No, as our goal is already achieved
• No, due to a reason not listed above

Requested Content

General

• Indicate if your jurisdiction has an active adaptation goal(s) in place by selecting the option ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an active adaptation goal(s)’. You will then be presented with the next question where you will be requested to report further information in relation to the goal(s).
• If you do not have an active adaptation goal in place, please indicate the primary reason why by selecting the most relevant 'No' option. You can also add a comment to provide further context by clicking on the speech bubble icon adjacent to the question text in the reporting system.

Explanation of Terms

• Adaptation goal: An adaptation goal is informed by the hazards identified in the climate risk and vulnerability assessment. Adaptation goals are usually qualitative, using terms like ‘safer’, ‘better’ or ‘cooler’, and alongside mitigation targets contribute to the identification and prioritization of actions in a jurisdiction’s climate action plan. Quantitative metrics and/or indicators may also form part of an adaptation goal, but these are usually more action-specific and are therefore often decided later in the climate action planning process after action prioritization (C40, How to identify adaptation goals and strategies).
  • An adaptation goal is not the same as a mitigation target. Mitigation targets are commitments to reduce, or limit the increase of, GHG emissions or emissions intensity by a specified quantity, to be achieved by a future date. Mitigation targets may be reported in 5.1 and 5.1a.
  • An adaptation goal is not the same as an adaptation action. Adaptation actions are the result of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment, adaptation goals, and the strategic climate action plan. They are the interventions taken to achieve a given strategy, and include policies, projects, programmes, partnerships and other activities (C40, How to identify adaptation goals and strategies). Adaptation actions may be reported in 8.1.

Additional Information

Example of a jurisdiction's adaptation goals

• Melbourne, Australia: In its 2017 climate adaptation strategy update the city of Melbourne gave a list of five adaptation goals, based on priorities expressed by the local community and supported by a risk assessment, local experience, and best climate change adaptation practices. From each of these goals the city then developed a series of specific adaptation actions, which make up the rest of their climate adaptation strategy. Melbourne’s five adaptation goals are:
  1. Enhance the natural environment and green spaces of our municipality
  2. Shape our built form and urban renewal areas to withstand future climate change impacts
  3. Strengthen the resilience of our inclusive, family friendly and culturally diverse community
  4. Protect and enhance our diverse economy
  5. Continue to build Melbourne’s adaptation capabilities and expertise.

Resources

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 6.1 “Climate action plans” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that adaptation plans shall include the description of the adaptation goals planned.

Avoiding common mistakes

To be compliant with the GCoM "Adaptation-Goal badge" cities must choose "Yes, jurisdiction has an active adaptation goal(s) " and answer all mandatory questions in question 4.1.

(4.1a) Report your jurisdiction’s main adaptation goals.

Change From Last Year

Minor change to question, additional guidance

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an adaptation goal(s)’ is selected in response to 4.1.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Adaptation Pillar^
• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
• Race to Resilience
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested Content

General

• Resources on adaptation goals may be found in the reporting guidance for 4.1.

Select a reference ID for the goal (column 1)

• Select an option from the list of goal reference ID’s. If reporting more than one goal, please ensure you select a unique goal ID for each goal.

Adaptation goal (column 2)

• Outline your jurisdiction's main goals for climate adaptation. If possible, these goals should be time bounded, and able to be monitored and evaluated based on specific metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs).
• The Urban Adaptation Support Tool and Urban Adaptation Assessment Indicator List are useful references for indicators to monitor adaptation goals. Further resources on adaptation goals may be found in the reporting guidance for 4.1.

Climate hazards that goal addresses (column 3)

• Select the applicable climate hazards that are addressed by the adaptation goal. This can include hazards that are both directly and indirectly addressed by the goal.
• The list of hazards is not exhaustive. Should the climate hazard addressed by the goal not fit under any listed, select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the climate hazard into the text box presented.
• The following guidance may help your selection:
  • Extreme heat; Extreme cold: includes (where relevant) extreme hot/cold days, heat/cold waves, and the urban heat island effect.
  • Water stress: refers to the ability, or lack thereof, to meet human and ecological demand for fresh water. Water stress hazards may include water availability, water quality, and the accessibility of water (i.e. whether people are able to make use of physically-available water supplies), which is often a function of the sufficiency of infrastructure and the affordability of water, among other things (based on the CEO Water Mandate’s definition of water stress).
  • Urban flooding; River flooding; Coastal flooding: includes (where relevant) types of flooding such as groundwater flooding, pluvial (flash/surface flooding), tidal inundation and sea level rise.
  • Other coastal events: includes other hazards that impact the coast and coastal communities such as saltwater intrusion and coastal erosion.
  • Extreme wind: includes extreme events such as tornados.
  • Storm: includes violent atmospheric disturbances not classed as a hurricane, cyclone, or typhoon, such as rainstorms, tropical storms, thunder/lightning/electrical storms, squalls, sand/dust storms, blizzards, hailstorms, or snowstorms.
  • Mass movement: includes hazards such as landslides, avalanches, rock falls, subsidence, or solifluction (mass movement related to freeze-thaw activity).
  • Other forms of climate-induced landscape shift/degradation: includes ecosystem/region shifts, permafrost thawing, and desertification.
  • Infectious disease: includes water-borne, vector-born, and air-borne diseases.

Base year of goal (or year goal was adopted if no base year) (column 4)

• Report the base year of the goal, this is the reference year from which progress of the goal is being measured. If a base year is not applicable to the adaptation goal, then report the year in which the adaptation goal was adopted.

Target year of goal (column 5)

• Please enter in numerical form the year by which you anticipate achieving your adaptation goal. Please note that the target year cannot be in the past.

Description of metric / indicator used to track goal (column 6)

• Report details on the primary metric or indicator that is being used to monitor and evaluate progress towards the adaptation goal.
• Report information on the process(es) in place to support monitoring and evaluation of the goal.
• The Urban Adaptation Support Tool and Urban Adaptation Assessment Indicator List are useful references for indicators to monitor adaptation goals.

Comment (column 7)

• You may use the field ‘Comment’ to add any additional context to your response.

Example Response

For explanatory purposes, a sample answer to this question is included below.

[Add row]

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 6.1 “Climate action plans” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that for adaptation goals, local governments shall report:

• The goal descriptions (shall be aligned with the risks identified in the risk and vulnerability assessment
• Delivery date
• Baseline year.

Local government should also report:

• The metric (or key performance index) for tracking the progress and monitoring plans.

GCoM Required columns and common mistakes

All mandatory columns (highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately to be compliant with the GCoM "Adaptation-Goal badge".

5. Mitigation Targets

Emissions targets

(5.1) Does your jurisdiction have an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s) in place? Please include long-term and/or mid-term targets. If no active GHG emissions reduction target is in place, please indicate the primary reason why.

Change From Last Year

No change to question, additional guidance

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Mitigation Pillar^
• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)
• No, but we are planning to introduce a target in the next two years
• No, as our emissions are not fully calculated
• No, and not intending to set a target
• No, due to a lack of resources
• No, as our target is already achieved
• No, due to a reason not listed above

Requested Content

General

• An emissions reduction target is a commitment to reduce, or limit the increase of, GHG emissions or emissions intensity by a specified quantity, to be achieved by a future date.
• If your jurisdiction does not have an emissions reduction target, please select the primary reason why not from the options presented.
• Science-based climate targets are part of CDP scoring criteria in 2023 and are a key element of the Cities Race to Zero commitment. To ensure that your jurisdiction’s target can be checked for alignment with 1.5°C, you should provide data for the questions and columns outlined in Appendix F. Reporting this information will help CDP and its partners to support your jurisdiction to update targets where needed, take emissions reduction action in line with your target, and track progress over time.

Resources

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 4 “Target Setting” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that local governments shall submit their greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s) to GCoM within two years upon joining GCoM.

GCoM Required columns and common mistakes

To be compliant with the GCoM "Mitigation-Target badge" cities must answer "Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)" in this question and complete all mandatory columns in question 5.1a.

(5.1a) Provide details of your emissions reduction target(s). Please report both long-term and mid-term targets, if applicable.

Change From Last Year

Minor change

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)’ is selected in response to 5.1.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Mitigation Pillar^
• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

C40 Leadership Standards

C40 member cities should ensure they answer this question in detail, as this data is also used to assess your city compliance against C40's membership requirements, the C40 Leadership Standards.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question). Please ensure all reported emissions data is in metric tonnes CO2e.

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• Resources on mitigation targets may be found in the reporting guidance for 5.1. Please also see this video tutorial on disclosing mitigation targets and science-based targets through CDP-ICLEI Track.
• All emissions should be reported in metric tons of CO2e. Common conversion factors are included in the Technical Note 'Units of Measure Conversions'.

Select a reference ID for the target (column 1)

• Select an option from the list of target reference ID’s. If reporting more than one target, please ensure you select a unique target ID for each target. This target reference ID will be presented alongside this target in future years when reporting to better support year-on-year tracking of targets.

Target type (column 2)

• Select the specific target type that is being reported i.e., base year (absolute), fixed level, base year intensity or baseline scenario target.
• The selected target type will determine the subsequent fields that are presented. The columns indicated by the * symbol will either be presented or not based on the target type, this is explained for each applicable column in the guidance below.
• Base year emissions (absolute) target: A base year emissions (absolute) target is a commitment to reduce or controls the increase of emissions by a specified quantity relative to a base year. For example, a 25% reduction of absolute emissions from 1990 levels by 2020.
• Fixed level target: Fixed level goals represent a reduction in emissions to an absolute emissions level by a target year. For example, “to achieve 200Mt CO2e by 2020”. Carbon neutrality goals are the most common type of fixed level goal, for example: “to reach net zero emissions by 2050”.
• Base year intensity target: A base year intensity target is a commitment to reduce a jurisdiction's emissions intensity (emissions per unit of another variable, typically GDP) by a specified quantity relative to a base year. For example, a 40% reduction of emissions per GDP from 1990 levels by 2020.
• Baseline scenario (business as usual) target: A baseline scenario (business as usual) target is a commitment to reduce emissions by a specified quantity relative to a projected emissions baseline scenario, also referred to as a business-as-usual scenario. A baseline scenario is a reference case that represents future events or conditions most likely to occur in the absence of activities taken to meet the mitigation goal.

Boundary of target relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 3)

• Indicate the boundary of your emissions reduction target relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• Select the option ‘Same - covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ to report an emissions reduction target that covers all of jurisdiction.
• If a boundary option other than ‘Same - covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ is selected a text box will be presented. Please provide a brief justification of additions/exclusions in comparison with your jurisdiction’s boundary.

Emissions sources covered by target (column 4)

• Please select the most appropriate option that represents the emissions sources covered by your emissions reduction target relative to your jurisdiction's emission inventory.
• If none of the listed options reflect the emissions sources covered by target then select ‘Other, please specify’ while if you do not have an emissions inventory then select ‘Our jurisdiction has not yet developed an emissions inventory’.
• ‘BASIC’ emissions include scope 1 and scope 2 emissions from stationary energy and transportation, as well as scope 1 and scope 3 emissions from waste.

Are carbon credits currently used or planned to be used to achieve this target? (column 5) / Percentage of target to be met using carbon credits generated from outside jurisdiction or target boundary (column 6)

• Targets may be achieved using any combination of emission reductions from within the target boundary (domestic reductions) and transferable emissions units/carbon credits generated outside of the jurisdiction or target boundary.
• Indicate if carbon credits currently used or planned to be used to achieve this target.
• If you select the option ‘Yes, this target will be achieved using carbon credits and the number of credits required has been quantified’ you will be requested to report the percentage of target to be met using carbon credits generated from outside jurisdiction or target boundary in column 6. In addition, you will be requested to provide further information on the use/planned use of the carbon credits in the subsequent question.
• For further information on the use of carbon credits units refer to Section 4.5 of the Mitigation Goal Standard, developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Year target was established (column 7)

• Select the year in which your target came into effect or was approved by the local government. This is not your targets base year which is used as the reference year from which to measure or compare emissions.

Covered emissions in year target was established (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 8)

• Report the emissions from the sources selected in the column ‘Emissions sources covered by target’ in the year the target was established. This is not your targets base year emissions which is used as the reference value from which to measure or compare emissions.

Base year (column 9)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• Report the target’s base year (also known as the “representative year”) This is the reference year from which the emissions reductions are measured.
• If you are reporting a target for a specific sector of your inventory, please provide the base year for that sector.
• If reporting interim targets or more than one target, it is highly recommended to keep the same base year for all targets if possible.

Covered emissions in base year (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 10)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• Report the target’s base year absolute emissions in metric tonnes CO2e. Base year emissions are the greenhouse gas emissions from your base year on which your target is based.
• Please ensure the base year emissions corresponds to the total emissions value of the base year emissions inventory if all emissions sources included in jurisdiction inventory are covered by the target.
• If you are reporting a target for a specific sector of your emissions inventory, or for a different emissions boundary, please provide the base year emissions for that sector or boundary.
• If available, you can attach your emissions inventory for the base year to this column.

Emissions intensity figure in base year (metric tons CO2e per capita or GDP) (column 11)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’ or ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ in response to column 2.
• Report the target’s base year emissions intensity figure. Dependent on the target type this will be the emissions in metric tons CO2e per capita or emissions in metric tons CO2e per unit GDP (i.e., emissions per $1/£1 etc. of GDP).
• Please ensure the base year emissions corresponds to the total emissions value of the base year emissions inventory if all emissions sources included in jurisdiction inventory are covered by the target.

Target year (column 12)

• Report the year by which the target should be achieved. Please note that the target year cannot be in the past.

Estimated business as usual emissions in target year (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 13)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• This refers to the emissions in the target year under a reference case that represents the future events or conditions most likely to occur in the absence of activities taken to meet the mitigation goal.
• Sometimes referred to as business-as-usual scenarios, baseline scenarios are plausible descriptions of a possible future state of the world given pre-established assumptions and methodological choices.
• For further information on estimating baseline scenario emissions refer to Section 5.2 of the Mitigation Goal Standard, developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Percentage of emissions reduction (including offsets and carbon dioxide removal) (column 14)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• Please enter the numerical value for the percentage of reduction (depending on the target in place) without commas and without the percentage symbol (%).
• Include in this percentage any offsets and carbon dioxide removals that are currently in use or planned to be in use in the target year.
• If your target is not currently expressed as a percentage, please convert it into this format (for example an absolute emissions reduction in metric tonnes CO2e can be converted into a percentage reduction relative to the base year).
• If this is not possible, please note your target reduction and other relevant detail in the ‘Please explain’ field for this question.

Net emissions in target year (after offsets and carbon dioxide removal) (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 15/16)

• Please note that if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’ this will be an auto-populated field and the value will be calculated based on your base year emissions and percentage of emissions reduction. You must enter a value in the fields ‘Covered emissions in base year (metric tonnes CO2e)’ and ‘Percentage of emissions reduction (including offsets and carbon dioxide removal)’ in order for the calculation to be complete.

Specify if target is considered a science-based target (SBT) and the SBT methodology it aligns to (column 18)

• Select first whether or not the target is considered to be a science-based target (SBT), if so please select the SBT methodology it aligns to and if not please indicate your intention to set one in the future.
• A science-based target is a jurisdiction-wide emissions reduction target that is aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
• It includes both a long-term target to reduce emissions to net zero by 2050 and a 1.5°C-aligned mid-term target that represents a jurisdiction’s share of halving global emissions by 2030.
• A science-based target is:
  • aligned with the latest climate science,
  • equitable - taking into account different historical contributions to atmospheric emissions levels and socio-economic development, and
  • complete - covering jurisdiction-wide emissions from a variety of sources (at least scope 1 and 2 emissions) and multiple GHGs.
• For more information on how to set a science-based target, please refer to the Science-Based Target Network’s Guide for Cities.

Covered emissions in most recent inventory (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 19)

• If your jurisdiction has an inventory in place, please report the latest emissions for the emissions sources covered by the target (i.e., this figure represents the most recent data available for the emissions addressed by this target).
• If you are reporting a ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ and the base year is the same year as the year of your most recent inventory then the value input here will be the same as the value input in the column ‘Base year’.

Is this target the jurisdiction's most ambitious target? (column 20)

• Please select if this target is considered to be your jurisdiction’s most ambitious target, this will support data analysis of the reported emissions reduction targets, in particular when more than one target has been reported.
• Ambition should refer to the total quantity of emissions reduced, for example if your jurisdiction has three emissions reduction targets such as 50% reduction by 2030, 75% reduction by 2040 and 100% reduction by 2050 then you would only select ‘Yes’ for the 100% reduction by 2050 target, for the other interim targets the appropriate selection is ‘No, but it is an interim target for the most ambitious target’.

Alignment with Nationally Determined Contribution (column 21)

• Report how your target’s ambition level compares with your applicable Nationally Determined Contribution. The Climate Action Tracker’s Climate Target Update Tracker provides an overview of many NDC’s which may be useful when comparing the alignment of your jurisdictions target with your applicable Nationally Determined Contribution.

Select the conditional components of your emissions reduction target (column 22)

• Indicate if your target is conditional on the success of an externality or component of policy outside of direct control of your jurisdiction’s administration. For example, if your target requires further legislation, regulation, policy, financial support from a higher level of government please indicate this here. If your target is conditional on a factor not listed select ‘Other, please specify’ and report the factor in the text box that is presented.

Please explain (column 23)

• Please provide any further relevant information relating to your target, this can include information on how the population projection value was estimated, whether your target includes emissions from international aviation and shipping and links to press releases, policy documents with further information on the target.
• Note for reporting baseline scenario targets: Please outline in this field what emissions projection modelling method was used and attach documentation of the methodology, data inputs and assumptions used. For further information on estimating baseline scenario emissions please refer to Chapter 5 ‘Estimating Base Year or Baseline Scenario Emissions’ of the WRI Mitigation Goal Standard.
• Note for reporting emissions intensity targets: Please provide an explanation for how you projected the growth in the activity unit and if it is on a linear basis, compounded basis or year-on-year basis.
• You may provide a hyperlink or attachment in this field to any additional information relevant to your target which could include a press release, policy document etc.

Example Response

For explanatory purposes, sample answers to this question is included below. The sample targets below are aligned with the reporting requirements for Science Based Targets.

Example Target 1

Example Target 2

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Section 4 “Target Setting” of the Common Reporting Framework indicates that Local governments shall use one of the following four target types:

• Base year emissions target
• Base year intensity target
• Fixed level target
• Baseline scenario target: For a baseline scenario target, the modelling methodologies, and parameters shall be transparently described

For all target types, the CRF defines the following requirements:

• Boundary: Shall be consistent with all emissions sources included in the GHG emissions inventory
• Target year: Shall be the same as, or later than, the target year adopted in the Nationally Determined Contribution or as set by Regional/National Covenants. Cities that set a target year beyond 2030 shall also include an interim target between now and 2030.
• Base year (only for base year emissions target and base year intensity target): The base year should be the same as the base year used in the NDC or as set by Regional/National Covenants. Where the base year is different from the NDC (e.g. where a city has previously adopted another base year or due to a lack of data availability), this shall be explained.
• Ambition: At a minimum, the target shall be as ambitious as the unconditional components of the NDC. Local governments should set targets that are more ambitious than the NDC. When a national government increases their NDC, local governments shall have a maximum of five years to ensure their target remains as ambitious as the unconditional components of the NDC.
• Units: Targets shall be reported as a percentage (%) reduction from the base year or scenario year (for base year emissions, base year intensity and baseline scenario targets). The absolute emissions in the target year(s) in metric tonnes CO2e shall also be reported for all target types.
• Use of transferable emissions: The use of transferable emissions units is only permissible when a local government’s target ambition exceeds the unconditional components of the NDC. Where this is the case, the local government shall report the target, with and without the transferable emissions units, as well as identify the source of the transferable emissions units.
• Conditionality: The use of conditional components is only permissible when a local government’s target ambition exceeds the unconditional components of the NDC. Any conditional components included in the target shall be identified and, where possible, the conditional components should also be quantified.

If the NDC target is before 2030, cities should additionally set a target for 2030.

Avoiding common mistakes

At least one complete target (all mandatory columns highlighted with ^ symbol) must be answered appropriately to be compliant with the "Mitigation-Inventory badge".

Different target types have different reporting requirements. You will only view target specific columns once a target is selected.

(5.1b) Provide details on the current or planned use of carbon credits sold to or purchased from outside the jurisdiction or target boundary.

Change From Last Year

No change

Question Dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, this target will be achieved using carbon credits and the number of credits required has been quantified’ is selected in response to 5.1a Column ‘Are carbon credits currently used or planned to be used to achieve this target?'.

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Mitigation Pillar^
• Race to Zero
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Recommended

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• A carbon credit represents a metric ton of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) that is avoided or sequestered outside the GHG accounting boundary (or geographic boundary as a proxy for GHG accounting boundary) and can be used to compensate for a metric ton of residual GHG emissions occurring within the accounting boundary (Defining carbon neutrality for cities & managing residual emissions, C40).

Type of carbon credits (column 1)

• The primary intent of this question is to request data as it pertains to the purchase of credits from outside of the boundary, to report this information please select the option ‘Offset credit transactions purchased from outside of the boundary’.
• Additionally, and where relevant jurisdictions can report if they are involved in the generation and sale of carbon credits by selecting the option ‘Offset credit transactions generated within the boundary and sold’.
• If you do select the option ‘Offset credit transactions generated within the boundary and sold’ please report the mechanism by which they are sold and where the offsets are used in the column ‘Comment’.

Identify target (column 2)

• This column will be pre-populated with the Target ID’s selected in the previous question.
• Select the target ID, as reported in 5.1a, to indicate which target the carbon credits being reported are supporting.

Emissions purchased/sold (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 3)

• Report the quantity of emissions the carbon credits represent in metric tonnes CO2e. This will assist with ensuring transparency and enabling accurate reporting of progress made towards the mitigation targets reported in 5.1a.
• Chapter 4 (Section 4.5) of the WRI’s Mitigation Goal Standard provides guidance on ensuring the environmental integrity of units, and Chapter 9 provides equations for accounting for units.

Verified to which standard (column 4)

• Carbon credit projects should be verified and/or validated under standards by reputable, certified third party auditors. Select from the list the applicable standard used or where the standard used is not listed, please select ‘Other, please specify’ and report the standard in the text box that is presented.

Outline the crediting period and country(ies)/area(s) where offsetting efforts are or will be taking place (column 5)

• Report both the crediting period and country(ies)/area(s) where offsetting efforts are or will be taking place. The crediting period is the quantity of time during which a carbon credit project generates verifiable and/or certifiable carbon credits. After the end of the crediting period, the project can be re-evaluated against current standards for renewal, otherwise the project will cease to produce carbon credits.

Comment (column 6)

• Additional information may include stating if the use of carbon credits are planned or decided upon. Further information could include how your government has or will consider all direct and indirect social and environmental impacts of the carbon credit project. It could also include how any harmful impacts from projects will be avoided or mitigated and how potential educational, economic development, and resiliency benefits will be maximised.

6. Sector Targets

Energy and other climate-related targets

(6.1) Provide details of your jurisdiction's energy-related targets active in the reporting year. In addition, you can report other climate-related targets active in the reporting year.

Change From Last Year

Minor change

Questionnaire Pathway

• Pathway 1, 2 and 3

Connection to Other Frameworks

• GCoM: Energy Access and Poverty Pillar^
• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
• NetZeroCities: Recommended
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• WWF One Planet City Challenge: Required

Response Options

Please complete the following table. The table is displayed over several rows for readability. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested Content

Target type (column 1)

• Please select the target type you are reporting. Jurisdictions are encouraged to initially report energy-related target that advance the generation and/or consumption of renewable energy. the IRENA Renewable Energy Target Setting report, which defines renewable energy targets as: “Numerical goals established by governments or other actors (such as electric utilities) to achieve a specific amount of renewable energy production or consumption. Renewable energy targets can apply to the electricity, heating/cooling or transport sectors, or to the energy sector, and include a specific time period or date by which the target is to be reached.”
• For more information on setting renewable energy targets see the Renewables in Cities 2019 Global Status Report (page 51) and to see the latest overview of renewable energy targets at the city-level see the Renewables in Cities 2021 Global Status Report (page 44).
• The full list of target types is listed in Appendix D (Sector targets). You will be first requested to report what area the target relates to, for example Renewable energy generation target, Transport target, Air quality target. Based on this selection you are then presented with more specific target types related to the selected area. If the target types presented are not relevant to the area, then please select the option ‘Other…target type’ and enter the specific target type in the text box that is presented.

Target description (column 2)

• Provide a description of the target. This can include further information on the scope of the target for example specifying whether the target covers all sectors or only a specific sub-sector, or whether the target is technology-specific (e.g., focussed on solar PV) versus technology-neutral (e.g., covers all renewable energy technologies).
• You may wish to provide information on whether the target is binding or aspirational and if any penalties apply in the event that the target is not met.

Boundary of target relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 3)

• Indicate the boundary of your target relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• Select the option ‘Same - covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ to report a target that is intended to or does apply to the entire jurisdiction. For example, if your jurisdiction has a target to power your jurisdiction with 100% renewable energy then this is the appropriate response.
• If a boundary option other than ‘Same (city-wide) - covers entire city and nothing else’ is selected a text box will be presented. Please provide a brief justification of boundary additions/exclusions. For example, the target may only apply to certain sectors or locations within your jurisdiction and in this instance the option ‘Smaller - covers only part of the jurisdiction, please explain exclusions’ may be the appropriate selection.

Year target was established (column 4)

• Select the year in which your target came into effect or was approved by the local government. This is not your target's base year, which is used as the reference year from which to measure progress.

Base year (column 5)

• Report the target’s base year (also known as the “representative year”) This is the reference year from which the target's progress can be measured.

Metric used to measure target (columns 6 and 7)

• If your target type is a renewable energy or energy efficiency target then you will be presented with a drop-down list of energy-related metrics kW, MW, GW, kWh, MWh, GWh and Percentage (%) in column 6.
• Jurisdictions reporting a renewable energy or energy efficiency are not required to provide details in the subsequent text field ‘Metric used to measure target’ unless further context on the applicable metric is required.
• If the target type is not a renewable energy or energy efficiency target, then please provide a description of the metric in the text field ‘Metric used to measure target’ in column 7.

Metric value in base year (column 8)

• Report the value of the target in the base year, for example if the target is to ‘Increase installed capacity of renewable electricity’ and the installed capacity of renewable electricity generation sources was 5MW in the base year then you would enter the number 5 in this field.

Target year (column 9)

• Report the year by which the target should be achieved. Please note that the target year cannot be in the past.

Metric value in target year (column 10)

• Report the expected value to be achieved in the target year, for example if the target is to increase the proportion of electricity consumed from renewable sources to 100% by 2030 then enter 100 in the field.

Metric value in most recent year data is available (column 11)

• Report the metric value for most recent year data is available, this data will inform analysis of the progress of sector-based targets. In the field ‘Comment’ you can indicate the year for which this data applies or if data is not available then this can also be reported in the field ‘Comment’.

Percentage of renewable energy of total energy in target year (column 12)

• This column is only presented if the target type you are reporting is a renewable energy target.
• Report the expected jurisdiction-wide sector-wide percentage of final energy consumption that will be consumed from renewable energy sources in the target year.
• If you are reporting a percentage-based target renewable energy consumption target, then this value may be the same the value as that reported in column 10 ‘Metric value in target year’.
• Given the broad spectrum of renewable energy targets that are set by governments this data will enable comparability of reported targets.

Is this target publicly available? (column 13)

• Report if the target is publicly available. If so please provide a link in the text box that is presented or attach the file using the paperclip icon in the reporting system. If the link is more than 250 characters, then please provide the link in the field ‘Comment’.

Progress made towards target (column 14)

• Please provide any additional contextual information which can include data sources used and methods to assess progress. You may wish to reference any plans or strategies developed to help deliver the target. If you have specified policies, programs, and/or financial incentives that are in place to support uptake of renewable energy production/consumption please indicate here the administering body (local/regional/national/supranational) of these actions.

GCoM Guidance

Link to the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF)

Check here for the most up to date information on the EAPP.

(1) Boundary (geographic coverage)

The target boundary shall be consistent with the city boundary. Local governments may develop goals jointly with neighboring signatory(ies). If the boundary is larger than the city boundary, this needs to be specified.

(2) Target setting

Local governments shall adopt a target for a quantified relative increase of energy access and/or alleviation of energy poverty towards universal access to energy in alignment with SDG 7. The target shall define the estimated percentage increase of energy access and/or decrease in energy poverty in 2030 compared to their selected base year.

To report with compliance against the requirement of 'Target Setting', a percentage must be selected as a metric in column 6 (if a renewable energy target) or written as a percentage in column 7 (if not a renewable energy target). This is to allow the comparison of percentage from the target year in relation to the base year.

In addition, local governments shall set at least one target that addresses energy access and alleviates energy poverty the regionally selected energy attribute.

Local governments shall continuously report against the selected target(s) in the list below:

• Improving access to secure energy
  • Increase average duration of available electricity by 2030 in relation to their base year
  • Increase the percentage of population or households with access to electricity by 2030 in relation to base year
  • “Improve” the average yearly energy consumption per capita (without affecting the level and quality of energy services used)

• Improving access to affordable energy
  • Reduce percentage of households or population within the city boundary that face energy poverty
  • Increase energy efficiency of buildings

• Improving access to sustainable energy
  • Increase the installed capacity of renewable energy sources (RES) within local boundary
  • Increase total energy generated from RES within local boundary
  • Increase energy consumption from RES
  • Increase the households within the municipality with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies
  • “Improve the greenness” of the source mix of thermal energy (heating and cooling) consumed in your city

Local governments may report against additional targets addressing energy access and alleviating energy poverty from the list above.

Local governments may also identify and set additional complementing targets suited to their local conditions and needs.

(3) Target year

The target year (the year in which local governments aim to achieve the stated target) shall be aligned with national commitments such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) (where applicable) or as set by Regional/National Covenants. However, in alignment with SDG 7 and the Mitigation and Adaptation pillars, an additional target for 2030 should be set, in case existing national and/or regional targets aim to be achieved before or beyond 2030.

(4) Base year value

The base year shall be the one set within national frameworks or Regional/national Covenants (where applicable or available) or the year used for the energy access and poverty assessment, in which the status of the local government is well documented.

(5) Reporting year value

The target year shall not be same or older than the reporting year

(6) Ambition

When setting a target, local governments shall demonstrate commitments to increase in energy access and/or reduction in energy poverty. Local governments shall declare these commitments in their plan(s).

(7) Units