CDP States and Regions 2022 Reporting Guidance

Introduction

Introduction to 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire

• 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire: We invite you to report to the following questions of the 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire. Responding governments will only have to report once, on one platform, to the following questions.
• Online Response System: Please report using CDP’s Online Response System (ORS), accessed via CDP’s website or the activation link you will receive. This document shows all the possible questions that responding governments may encounter in the ORS. Please note, you must submit your response in the ORS, the system cannot accept responses provided in other formats (i.e., PDF or Word documents).
• Personal Data: It is important that you do not include the name of any individual or any other personal data in your response. For questions that ask for the positions of staff, out of respect for personal data privacy we are asking only for the position and not for the individual’s name or any other information relating to them.
• Additional Information: At the end of the questionnaire, there is an opportunity to provide additional information or context that you feel is relevant to your response. This field is optional and not scored.

Support and resources

• 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire Map: The 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire Changes and Framework Map provides an outline of key changes to the questions that comprise the questionnaire and further detail on the auto-population of previously reported data. Reducing reporting effort has been a priority consideration for the development of the 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire. This has resulted in a significant reduction in the number of questions and the quantity of data that is requested. The questions have been designed to improve efficiency in reporting with the vast majority of data requested in a selection-based or numeric format.
• 2022 States and Regions Reporting Guidance: The 2022 States and Regions Reporting Guidance describes what information to provide, the required format, and where to find tools or further information to construct your answer. Additional reporting guidance is available within the Online Reporting System where guidance can be found by clicking on the help icon accompanying each question and through the expandable link below each question.
• Framework and Initiative Alignment: The 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire Changes and Framework Map. It will also provide an overview of the frameworks the questionnaire is aligned with and maps each question to the applicable framework. The 2022 States and Regions Questionnaire is aligned with the reporting requirements of Regions4 and the Under2 Coalition and several frameworks and initiatives including Race to Resilience, Race to Zero, Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), European Climate Pact and the Sustainable Development Goals.
• TCFD Guidance Note: The Guidance Note on the TCFD Recommendations for City, State, and Regional Governments provides an overview of the Task Force on Climate-related Disclosures (TCFD), the benefits of reporting against the TCFD recommendations, and maps the recommendations against the questionnaire.
• Accompanying Symbols: For certain rows and/or columns the * symbol will be presented, this is to indicate that the presentation of the applicable column and/or row is dependent on an earlier selection within the question. The typical function of this is to present columns and/or rows of relevance where the responder has indicated that the data for the applicable field is available to report.
• Open Data Portal: The Open Data Portal (ODP) is an online data resource which allows the public view all data publicly reported to CDP from companies, cities, states and regions. The ODP contains data disclosed by states and regions from the years 2015-2021.

Feedback and Contact

• Feedback: You can provide feedback on the content of our questionnaires and supporting documents through our online Questionnaire Feedback Form. The Questionnaire Feedback Form is available year-round and in multiple languages which can be changed using the language selection tool. We are unable to respond individually to all feedback, but please be assured that all form submissions are reviewed and contribute towards our continuous improvement.

• Contact: If you require further support for questions which are not addressed in the reporting guidance, for accessing the Online Reporting System or for general inquiries, please visit the CDP Help Centre.

Module: Governance

Demographic/Geographic Data

(0.1) Provide details of your jurisdiction in the table below.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

Administrative boundary (column 1)

• Select the administrative boundary of your jurisdiction by selecting the most appropriate response from the drop-down options listed.

Next highest level of government (column 2)

• Select the next highest level of government, for example if your administration is a county which is considered a legal subdivision of a state or regional government you may select the option ‘State/regional’ as the most appropriate.
• If none of the options represented reflect your jurisdictions context please select ‘Other, please specify’ and input the next highest level of government and if there is no higher level of government then select the option ‘No higher level of government’.

Next lowest level of government (column 3)

• Select the next lowest level of government, for example if your administration is a municipality and this is constituted of smaller local authorities you would may the option ‘Sub-municipal district’ as the most appropriate.
• If none of the options represented reflect your jurisdictions context please select ‘Other, please specify’ and input the next highest level of government and if there is no higher level of government then select the option ‘No higher level of government’.

Land area of the jurisdiction boundary (in square km) (column 4)

• Report the land area within your jurisdiction boundary in km2. We understand that some jurisdictions may prefer to use the imperial measurement system, however, to facilitate the comparison of data we request that all jurisdictions provide their land area in metric units. You may wish to use this tool to help you convert your answer into km2.

Percentage range of land area that is green space (column 5)

• Select the range that most accurately reflects the percentage of land area that is green space in your jurisdiction If you do not know this figure then select the option ‘I do not have this data’.
• Green space can be defined as land covered by vegetation of any kind on both private and public grounds. This also includes water bodies, e.g., ponds, lakes and streams. (World Health Organization).

Current (or most recent) population size (column 6)

• Provide the number of residents within your administrative boundary. Ensure that the figure is entered in a full format, for example, if the population is 1.87 million then enter 1,870,000.
• To support data quality, a notification will be presented in the reporting system when population figures or below 5,000 or above 50,000,000 are entered. The notification will request the user to review the figure to ensure it is correct, if it is correct no further action is required.
• Your jurisdiction population data may be found in the following sources: City Population, UN data, Global City Population Estimates (GLA)

Projected population size (column 8)

• Provide the projected number of residents within your jurisdiction boundary. Where possible report a projection that is aligned with your jurisdiction’s main emissions reduction target. For example, if your jurisdiction has an emissions reduction target of 100% by the year 2050, please provide a projection for 2050.
• Ensure that the figure is entered in a full format, for example, if the population is 1.87 million then enter 1,870,000.
• To support data quality, a notification will be presented in the reporting system when population figures or below 5,000 or above 50,000,000 are entered. The notification will request the user to review the figure to ensure it is correct, if it is correct no further action is required.

Select the currency used for all financial information reported throughout your response (column 10)

• The currency selected here will be used for all financial information throughout your response.
• This should be your preferred currency to report financial information, rather than necessarily the currency of your jurisdiction, as for some jurisdictions this may not be appropriate for estimating some project costs.

Explanation of terms

• Municipality: This is the most common form of local government and is responsible for administering areas often referred to as cities or towns.
• County / Province: Middle level administrative subdivision of a country.
• Federal district: Local government with the authority and responsibilities of all administrative levels below the national government. These heightened administrative powers are usually given to large or significant cities within a country, very often the capital city.
• Independent municipality: Local government with the authority and responsibilities of both a municipality as well as the next higher administrative level in the respective country. Exists in parallel to both municipalities and the next higher administrative level. We use the word independent when two bodies merge into a single one with both responsibilities and duties.
• Independent province: Province / County and at least one higher administrative level in the respective country. We use the word independent when two bodies merge into a single one with both responsibilities and duties.
• Indigenous Tribal Government / First Nation: The leadership of any community that self-identifies as an Indigenous community. Article 4 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that: "Indigenous peoples, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their internal and local affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions.”
• Intercommunality / Intermunicipality: Administrative level for a cluster of municipalities in one geographic area. This form of government is responsible for many local issues of infrastructure and maintenance.
• Independent intercommunality: An Intercommunality which also has the authority and responsibilities equivalent to at least one higher administrative level in the respective country. Exists in parallel to both other intercommunalities and the next higher administrative level. We use the word independent when two bodies merge into a single one with both responsibilities and duties.
• Local government area within a greater metropolitan area: A sub-tier of local government responsible for local services not overseen by the executive governing body (e.g., the City of London local authority within the Greater London Authority).
• Metropolitan area: A region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding areas (e.g., an urban area closely linked economically and socially, such as a commuting catchment area).
• Sovereign city-state: A state consisting of a sovereign city and its dependencies (e.g., Singapore; Vatican City).
• Special municipality: Local government with the authority and responsibilities of all administrative levels below the national government. These heightened administrative powers are usually given to large or significant cities within a country, very often the capital city.
• Sub-municipal district: Further administrative subdivision of a Municipality or Special city / Federal district. They are occasionally present in very large cities and are responsible for many of the tasks assigned to municipalities in other parts of the country.
• Town: An area with defined boundaries and a local government which is usually larger than a village but smaller than a city.
• State / Regional: Top level administrative subdivision of a country.

Oversight

(0.2) Provide information on your jurisdiction’s oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities and how these issues have impacted your jurisdiction's planning.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Governance (Disclosure A & B), Strategy (Disclosure B)
• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13, SDG16, SDG17

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

Select the processes that reflect your jurisdiction's oversight of climate-related issues (column 1)

• Select the processes implemented by your jurisdiction's government as it pertains to the oversight of climate-related issues.
• The drop-down options reflect different processes that are used to inform government on climate-related issues, factor climate-related issues in key decision making and assign responsibility for climate-related issues to those within government.

• Climate-related issues may include:
  • Climate risks and opportunities that may impact the jurisdiction
  • Initiatives to help address these climate risks and opportunities
  • Progress on climate goals and targets (CPA, 2019)

Provide further details on your jurisdiction's oversight of climate-related issues (column 2)

• Provide further information on the processes and frequency by which your government is informed about climate-related issues.
• This can include information on how the government considers climate-related issues when reviewing and guiding strategy, major plans of action, master and development plans.
• Provide details on how your government oversees progress against goals and targets for addressing climate-related issues.

Describe how climate-related issues have impacted your jurisdiction’s master/development planning (column 3)

• Describe how your jurisdiction’s master/development planning has been influenced by climate-related risks and opportunities and the time horizon(s) it covers.
• Specify if this includes any climate change adaptation and mitigation activities.
• Include the most substantial strategic decision(s) to date that have been influenced by climate-related risks and opportunities.

Describe where and how climate-related issues have influenced your jurisdiction's financial planning/ budgeting (column 4)

• Climate-related issues can affect several important aspects of a governments financial position, both now and in the future. For example, climate-related issues may have implications for a government’s capital expenditures.
• Provide details on how climate-related risks and opportunities have influenced your government’s financial planning.
• You may consider including in the impact on financial planning in the following areas:
  • Operating costs and revenues
  • Capital expenditures and capital allocation
  • Access to capital

Describe the risks to your jurisdiction related to the transition to a low-carbon economy (column 5)

• The Task Force for Climate Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) divide climate-related risks into two major categories: the risks related to the transition to a low-carbon economy and the risks related to the physical impacts of climate change.
• In this field you are requested to provide a description of the wider transition risks your jurisdiction faces that are related to the transition to a low-carbon economy. In Question 1.2 you will be requested to report on the physical impacts of climate change.
• Transition risks may include:
  • Current and emerging regulation: Policy developments that attempt to constrain actions that contribute to the adverse effects of climate change or policy developments that seek to promote adaptation to climate change.
  • Technology: All risks associated with technological improvements or innovations that support the transition to a lower-carbon, energy-efficient economic system.
  • Legal: All climate-related litigation claims.
  • Market: All shifts in supply and demand for certain commodities, products, and services.
  • Reputation: All risks tied to changing community perceptions of a governments contribution to or detraction from the transition to a lower-carbon economy.

Opportunities and Equity

(0.3) Report how your jurisdiction assesses the wider environmental, social and economic opportunities and benefits of climate action.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Strategy (Disclosure A)
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG10

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• Wider opportunities and benefits are beneficial outcomes from actions that are not directly related to climate action. Such opportunities and benefits include cleaner air, green job creation, public health benefits from active travel, and biodiversity improvement through expansion of green space. (The co-benefits of climate action: Accelerating City-Level Ambition).
• Jurisdictions should be considering and evaluating the positive or negative impacts of climate action on residents. The evaluation results can be qualitative or quantitative and the findings will differ depending on the type of climate action that is being implemented. These results can help inform and develop targeted policies that help remedy pre-existing injustices and avoid an inequitable distribution of benefits from climate actions.
• Find out how to do an equity assessment in C40’s Inclusive Planning Roadmap published on the C40 Knowledge Hub.
• Find out more about analyzing the equity and inclusion aspects of your actions and measuring their equitable impacts via the Actions Analysis tool and equitable impacts guidance and tools on the C40 Knowledge Hub.

Does the jurisdiction assess the wider opportunities/benefits of climate action? (column 1)

• Your selection will determine whether the column ‘Outline how your jurisdiction quantifies the impact of these wider opportunities/benefits’ will be presented.
• Indicate whether your jurisdiction assess’ wider opportunities/benefits of climate actions and if so, is this assessment done for some, many or all climate actions.

Outline how your jurisdiction quantifies the impact of these wider opportunities/benefits (column 2)

• Evaluating the impacts of wider opportunities/benefits can help build a strong case for climate actions, create buy-in from decision-makers and help prioritize those actions that will deliver the most benefits (The co-benefits of climate action: Accelerating City-Level Ambition).
• The Urban Climate Action Impacts Framework suggests indicators that can be used to measure co-benefits.
• Tools that can enable your jurisdiction to quantify co-benefits include: C40 Benefits toolkit and Siemens City Performance Tool.
• If available, upload an attachment of your jurisdiction’s analysis of wider opportunities/benefits associated with climate action.

Describe the wider opportunities/benefits of climate action the jurisdiction has identified (column 3)

• Describe the most significant climate-related opportunities the jurisdiction has identified over the short, medium, and long term.
• Include a description of how these opportunities and wider benefits have impacted your jurisdiction across environmental, social and economic contexts.

Outline if and how your jurisdiction ensures the equitable distribution of climate action opportunities/benefits/ Please provide evidence and/or more details of how your jurisdiction is ensuring inclusive/equitable climate action (column 4 and 5)

• Climate actions should be designed to ensure that their benefits are equitably distributed across the population (C40).
• If your jurisdiction is ensuring equitable distribution of climate action impacts, select the measures your jurisdiction is taking. If your jurisdiction is not yet taking measures to ensure equitable distribution of climate action impacts, select whether they are in progress, intending to or not intending to do so.
• Provide evidence and/or more details that your jurisdiction is ensuring inclusivity/equity impacts of climate action.

Multilevel Governance

(0.4) Report on your engagement with higher and/or lower levels of governments regarding your jurisdiction's climate action.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG17

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested content

General

• Critical to achieving the credible, just, and ambitious commitments required to avoid a climate catastrophe is effective multilevel governance and coordination: collaboration, communication, and engagement among all levels of government (GCoM, 2021). This question is requesting information regarding your jurisdiction’s engagement and coordination with other levels of government on key climate actions.

Climate component (column 1)

• Select the climate action component for which you are reporting your engagement with higher and/or lower levels of governments. The focus of this question is on engagement regarding key climate action assessments, plans and targets. However, engagement on other climate action areas can also be reported on by selecting ‘Other, please specify’ and indicating the applicable area inn the text box that is presented.
• Your selection in this column determines the presentation of column 2 and column 3. If you select any option other than ‘Not engaging with other levels of governments regarding climate action’ you will be presented with column 2 and 3.

Outline the purpose of this engagement (column 3)

• Listed are common purposes as to why local and regional governments will engage with other levels of government (both horizontal and/or vertical) on climate action.
• This includes requirements placed upon local governments established by national governments, for example the requirements to create an emission inventory, establish an emissions reduction target.
• This also includes engagement whose purpose is to facilitate integration of the local and regional governments climate actions into Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and/or National Adaptation Plan (NAP) considerations.
• Other listed purposes address engagement whose purpose is to support progress tracking, data collection, information sharing and capacity building across the applicable levels of government.

Comment (Column 4)

• If the development of a particular component is required by a higher level of government please provide the name of the law, regulation and/or agreement and where possible a link to the document.
• If a publicly accessible digital platform is in place to support engagement between different levels of governments and progress tracking, please provide a link to that platform.

Further information

Multilevel Climate Action Playbook for Local and Regional Governments

• The Multilevel Climate Action Playbook for Local and Regional Governments recommends key elements of an enabling environment that can weave climate ambition and action of local and regional governments into Party policy developments to accelerate vertically integrated NDC implementation and investment plans.

Vertically Integrated Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV)systems

• Vertically Integrated Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems are an example of effective multi-level governance. While there are various approaches that can be used common purposes include supporting the monitoring of emissions and climate actions across levels of governments. The systems address communication, coordination, shared methods and responsibilities between two or more levels of government along various administrative tiers. Having a vertically integrated MRV system enables shared responsibilities, ideally with clearly defined roles for each level of government, with consideration of their respective (required) resources, objectives and mandates.
• To address these challenges, it is suggested that national governments integrate their national MRV system vertically with data and/or MRV systems of subnational governments in their country. Many national MRV systems do not include subnational governance bodies in any substantial way.
• The report Typical Challenges for Vertically Integrated Measurement, Reporting and Verification Systems of Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides an overview of the most common barriers and constraints for an effective implementation of a national vertically integrated MRV System. Included are recommendations on how these common barriers can be overcome in order to close the existing vertical gap in a more effective way (ICLEI, 2021).

Collaborative Actions

(0.5) Report your jurisdiction's most significant examples of collaboration with government, business, and/or civil society on climate-related issues.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG17

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested content

General

• This question aims to understand how your jurisdiction collaborates with government, business or civil society on climate-related issues.
• If you select any option from the 'No significant examples of collaboration to report' group of options you will not be presented with the subsequent columns as indicated by the * symbol.
• You are requested to report examples of your jurisdiction’s most significant examples of collaboration with governments, businesses, and/or civil society on climate-related issues. If you wish to provide further examples you can do so by adding additional rows.
• According to the UN, "A successful sustainable development agenda requires partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society. These inclusive partnerships built upon principles and values, a shared vision, and shared goals that place people and the planet at the centre, are needed at the global, regional, national and local level." (SDG Tracker)
• With respect to the example being reported please select the primary entity for which your jurisdiction has been collaborating with on climate-related issues.
• If you have engaged with different entities for this example, you will be able to report these in the column ‘Other entities collaborated with’.
• If your jurisdiction has not yet collaborated with other stakeholders on climate-related issues, select one of the options under ‘No collaboration to report’, if this option is selected you will not be presented with any further columns in this question.
• If you select the option ‘Not intending to collaborate’ please briefly explain in the text box that is presented why and what are the barriers to collaborating with your jurisdiction’s stakeholders.

Further information

• Additional information about developing successful collaborations between cities and private sector can be found in the City-Business Climate Alliance Guide.
• The CBCA Guide is designed for city governments who want to work with their local business community to address the challenges of climate change. The guide draws on the real-world examples of Helsinki, Boston, London and Paris to walk through the key steps and phases to establish a CBCA.

Module: Assessment

Climate Risk and Vulnerability

(1.1) Has a climate risk and vulnerability assessment been undertaken for your jurisdiction? If not, please indicate why.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Risk Management (Disclosure A)
• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13
• European Climate Pact

Response Options

Select one of the following options:

• Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken
• No, but we are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
• No, but we are intending to undertake one in the next two years
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity and expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to other higher priorities
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to a reason not listed above, please specify

Requested content

General

• Indicate whether your jurisdiction has undertaken a climate change risk or vulnerability assessment by selecting the most relevant option from the drop-down menu.
• A climate change risk and vulnerability assessment is used to determine the nature and extent of risks posed by climate change.
• This is done by analyzing potential future climate hazards and evaluating existing vulnerabilities to understand the seriousness of the potential impacts on people, assets, services, livelihoods and the environment.
• If your jurisdiction has not undertaken a climate change risk or vulnerability assessment, then select the appropriate ‘No’ option which indicates your jurisdictions intention to conduct one.
• If you select ‘Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken’ you will be presented with question 1.1a.

Resources

• Urban Risk Assessments: Understanding Disaster and Climate Risk in Cities (World Bank): The Urban Risk Assessment moves towards a common, cost-effective approach for specifying where and how many people are vulnerable to natural hazards and identifying high-risk infrastructure.
• Urban Adaptation Support Tool (UAST): The aim of the Urban Adaptation Support Tool (UAST) is to assist cities, towns and other local authorities in developing, implementing and monitoring climate change adaptation plans.

(1.1a) Provide details on your climate risk and vulnerability assessment.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken’ is selected in response to 1.1.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Risk Management (Disclosure A, B, C)
• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG11, SDG13
• European Climate Pact

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

[Add Row]

Requested content

Assessment attachment and/or direct link (column 1)

• If a climate risk and vulnerability assessment has been undertaken, please attach this document here. Click on ‘Choose file’, navigate to the file you want to upload and click ‘Open’. Once you can see the file name in the text field click ‘Attach’ to attach the document.
• If you would like to provide a web link to your jurisdiction’s climate change risk or vulnerability assessment in addition to/or instead of attaching the document, please add the link here.

Confirm attachment/link provided to assessment (column 2)

• Select the appropriate option from the list of the presented options. For example, if you have attached the file in column 1 you will make the selection ‘The assessment has been attached’.
• Providing access to your jurisdiction’s climate change risk and vulnerability assessment is a key item for multiple projects, initiatives and data users for assessment and validation purposes. The purpose of this column is to ensure that jurisdictions who have reported they have undertaken a climate risk and vulnerability assessment have provided access to the assessment or have indicated that they cannot.

Boundary of assessment relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 3)

• Indicate the boundary of your assessment relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• If a boundary option other than ‘Same (jurisdiction-wide) – covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ is selected a text box will be presented. Please provide a brief justification of boundary additions/exclusions in comparison with your jurisdiction’s boundary in the text box. If your risk assessment covers the entire jurisdiction and nothing else, you won’t be requested to provide an explanation here. For example, if the boundary is smaller or larger indicate the population that is covered by the assessment if this is different from the population reported in 0.1.

Year of publication or approval (column 4)

• Please state the year that your climate change risk or vulnerability assessment was published or approved by the jurisdiction’s government.

Factors considered in assessment (column 5)

• Select the applicable aspects addressed during the process of carrying out the risk or vulnerability assessment for your jurisdiction.
  • Vulnerable populations: This include individuals or groups of people who are less able than the general population to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters. Vulnerable populations may be described by race or ethnicity, culture, socio-economic status, geography, gender, disability, and age, or other characteristic, and may be disproportionally likely to be affected by climate hazards. Further information on this can be reported in Column 8.
  • Vulnerable geographic areas: As exposure to climate hazards is highly influenced by geographical location indicate if vulnerable geographic areas in the jurisdiction were considered during the assessment. Further information on this can be reported in Column 9 ‘Please explain’.
  • Transition risks: Transition risks are risks related to the transition to a low-carbon economy. These risks can include changes in tax revenue mix and sources, resulting in decreased revenues for jurisdictions, costs to transition to lower emissions technology re-pricing of assets (e.g., fossil fuel reserves, land valuations, securities valuations) etc.

Please explain (column 6)

• Describe the processes for prioritizing and managing climate hazards, including how decisions are made to mitigate, transfer, accept, or control those hazards.
• Describe if and how the processes for assessing and managing climate hazards are integrated into your jurisdictions overall risk management processes.
• Provide any further information on your jurisdiction’s climate change risk and vulnerability assessment. This can include information on the primary process or methodology used to undertake the risk and vulnerability assessment of your jurisdiction.

Resources

• C40 Climate Change Risk Assessment Guidance: A guidance document to help cities conducting a Climate Change Risk assessment in line with GCOM and C40Cities requirements.

Climate hazards

(1.2) Provide details on the most significant climate hazards faced by your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Strategy (Disclosure A & B), Metrics and targets (Disclosure A)
• Race to Resilience
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG1, SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(Columns 2 -5 are only presented if a climate-related hazards is selected in column 1.)

Requested content

General

• The hazards reported should be those which may pose inherently significant impacts to your jurisdiction regardless of whether your jurisdiction has taken action to mitigate risk(s).
• If you select the option 'No significant climate-related hazards, please specify why' you will not be presented with the subsequent columns in this question.

Climate-related hazards (column 1)

• Climate hazards are short-, medium-, or long-term climate events that have the potential to cause damage or harm to humans and natural systems. These include meteorological, climatological, hydrological, geophysical or biological events (C40).
• Indicate the climate hazards that your jurisdiction experiences either currently or in the future. It is only necessary to select the most significant hazards that your jurisdiction experiences.
• The list of climate hazard is not exhaustive of all climate hazards. Should the climate hazard your jurisdiction faces not be listed then select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the climate hazard into the text box that is presented.
• You can only select and report on one hazard at a time, to select and report on further hazards you can select the ‘Add row’ button in the reporting system.
• Mass movement refers to a hazard such as a landslide, avalanche, and subsidence for example.
• Water stress refers to the ability, or lack thereof, to meet human and ecological demand for fresh water. Water stress hazards may include water availability, water quality, and the accessibility of water (i.e. whether people are able to make use of physically-available water supplies), which is often a function of the sufficiency of infrastructure and the affordability of water among other things (based on the CEO Water Mandate’s definition of water stress).

Vulnerable population groups most exposed (column 2)

• Select the vulnerable population groups that are expected to be most affected by future hazards. This information can help the local government in having a better understanding of the vulnerability dimension of risks and in prioritizing their adaptation actions.
• Vulnerable groups are local-context-bound and could include the options listed, though this list is not exhaustive, should you wish to report a population group not listed select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the name of the population group.
• There are different methodologies for assessing vulnerabilities at the level of local governments and they differ in terms of technical capacities and resources required, this can include Indicator-Based Vulnerability Assessments.
• Marginalized/minority communities may include refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and national minorities.
• Low-income households may include unemployed persons and persons living in sub-standard housing.

Sectors most exposed (column 3)

• Indicate the critical sectors in your jurisdiction that will be most affected by the corresponding climate hazard. This question aims to capture an overview of your jurisdictions overall assessment of the sectors impacted by each climate hazard.

Describe the impacts on vulnerable populations and sector (column 4)

• Provide a brief description of the impacts on the vulnerable populations and sectors selected previously. For example, where data is available, please indicate the number of people from each vulnerable group most exposed to this hazard.

Proportion of the population exposed to the hazard (column 5)

• Based on your jurisdiction’s total population, select the most applicable percentage range that represents the proportion potentially exposed to the hazard. It is acknowledged that this selection will, in many cases, be based upon an estimate.
• Where your jurisdiction does not have the data available to respond you can select the option ‘Data is not available’.

(1.3) Identify and describe the most significant factors impacting on your jurisdiction’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested content

General

Adaptive capacity: Adaptive capacity refers to the degree in which people and other organisms, assets, institutions and sectors are able to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities or to respond to consequences.

Factors that affect ability to adapt (Column 1)

• Indicate the major factors that either support or challenge your jurisdiction's adaptive capacity.
• Note that you can select the same factor more than once if that factor both support and challenges your jurisdiction's adaptive capacity. For example, a jurisdiction experiencing rapid migration may benefit from increased economic growth and human capital; however, this trend may also experience significant pressure on infrastructure services that may increase the risk of day-to-day service interruptions, thus weakening the jurisdiction's resilience to shock events.

Emissions Inventory

Community-wide Emissions Inventory Methodology

(2.1) Does your jurisdiction have a community-wide emissions inventory to report?

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metrics and Targets (Disclosure B)
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No, but we are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
• No, but we are intending to undertake one in the next two years
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity and expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to other higher priorities
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to a reason not listed above, please specify

Requested content

General

• An emissions inventory enables jurisdictions to understand the emissions sources and effects of different activities. It allows jurisdictions to determine where to best direct mitigation efforts, create a strategy to reduce emissions, and track their progress. Emissions inventories are critical for tracking changes in overall GHG emissions and removals. Assessing and reporting progress toward mitigation goals should be carried out in conjunction with regularly developing and updating a GHG inventory. Jurisdictions can report their emissions regardless of which protocol or methodology they have used to develop their inventory.
• Community-wide (sometimes referred to as ‘geographic’, ‘city-wide’ and/or regional-wide’) encompass emissions which are within a particular geopolitical region, over which local governments can exercise a degree of influence through the policies and regulations they implement.
• Indicate that your jurisdiction can report a community-wide emissions inventory by selecting ‘Yes’.

(2.1a) Provide an attachment (in spreadsheet format) or a direct link to your community-wide emissions inventory. In addition, select the inventory year and report the jurisdiction’s population for that year.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes’ is selected in response to 2.1

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

General

• Please ensure that you attach or provide a link to your community-wide emissions inventory. Where possible this document should also include the activity data, emissions factors and the calculations conducted that underpin the emissions data.
• If your jurisdiction uses the City Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS) tool for managing and reporting emissions inventory data, you can import your response data for selected questions for this question. Further guidance on how to import can be accessed here.

Community-wide inventory attachment (spreadsheet) and/or link (with unrestricted access) (column 1)

• Use this field to attach your jurisdiction’s inventory. You can do this by clicking ‘Chose file’, navigating to the inventory file and clicking ‘Attach’. Confirm that the inventory has been attached by selecting the option ‘The emissions inventory has been attached’ in column 2.
• If available it is preferred that you attach a spreadsheet (i.e., excel) format of your emissions inventory. Macro-enabled spreadsheets that use the “.xlsm” format (e.g., CIRIS, earlier versions of the GPC reporting tool) should be saved as Excel workbooks “.xlsx” to be attached to the questionnaire.
• If you are providing a direct weblink to the emissions inventory, please ensure the emissions inventory can be accessed unrestricted on the link provided.
• Ensure that the emissions factors and activity data used to calculate the cities emissions are accessible within the attached/linked emissions inventory. If the emissions factors and activity data are not accessible within the attached/linked inventory, please attach them separately.

Status of community-wide inventory attachment and/or direct link (column 2)

• Select the appropriate option from the list of the presented options. For example, if you have attached the file in column 2 you will make the selection ‘The emissions inventory has been attached’.
• Providing access to your jurisdiction’s emissions inventory is a key item for multiple projects, initiatives and data users for assessment and validation purposes. The purpose of this column is to ensure that cities who have reported they have inventories have provided access to the inventory or have indicated that they cannot.

Inventory year (column 3)

• Report the year of your latest community-wide inventory. This is the year covered by the emissions inventory and not the year of publication or the year when the assessment was made.

Population in inventory year (column 4)

• Provide your jurisdictions population (the number of residents within the boundary of the emissions inventory) in the selected inventory year.
• Ensure that the population figure is entered in a full format, for example if the population is 1.87 million then enter 1,870,000.
• To support data quality, a notification will be presented in the reporting system when population figures of below 5,000 or above 50,000,000 are entered. The notification will request the user to review the figure to ensure it is correct, if it is correct no further action is required and the notification can be ignored.

(2.1b) Provide the following information regarding your latest community-wide GHG emissions inventory.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes’ is selected in response to 2.1

Connection to other frameworks

• TFCD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure B)
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

Requested content

Boundary of inventory relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 1)

• Indicate the boundary of your community-wide emissions inventory relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• If your community-wide emissions inventory covers only part of the jurisdiction or covers the whole jurisdiction and adjoining areas outside of the jurisdiction boundary then use the explanation field presented to briefly describe which areas are excluded or additional areas included.

Primary methodology/framework to compile inventory (column 2)

• Select the primary methodology that you followed in measuring greenhouse gas emissions for your jurisdiction.
• If the methodology used to develop the inventory is not presented in the list, then select ‘Other, please specify’ and provide the name and/or a brief description of the methodology used.

Gases included in inventory (column 3)

• Select the greenhouse gases included in your inventory. The list consists of the main gases as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), as well as nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).

Source of Global Warming Potential values (column 4)

• Select the IPCC Assessment Report from which the Global Warming Potential values have been sourced for the emissions inventory.

Community-wide Emissions Inventory Data

(2.1c) Provide a breakdown of your community-wide emissions by sector.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes’ is selected in response to 2.1

Connection to other frameworks

• TFCD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure B)
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested content

Sector and Sub-sector (column 1 and 2)

• The emissions sectors presented are dependent upon the previously selected methodology that was reported as being used to develop the emissions inventory. Use the 'Add row' function to report the emissions breakdown using multiple sectors, sub-sectors, and scopes.
• The purpose of this question is to learn more about how your jurisdiction breaks down emissions, which can be valuable information for comparative understanding between cities. Please note that this question is flexible to accommodate many of the different kinds of categories used by jurisdictions.

Scope (column 3)

• If the reported emissions are categorized by scope, please report the applicable scope:
  • Scope 1: GHG emissions from sources located within the jurisdiction boundary.
  • Scope 2: GHG emissions occurring as a consequence of the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling within the jurisdiction boundary.
  • Scope 3: All other GHG emissions that occur outside the jurisdiction boundary as a result of activities taking place within the jurisdiction boundary.

Emissions (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 4)

• For each source, please report the quantity of emissions in metric tonnes CO2e. Ensure that the reported emissions apply to the 12-month reporting period as previously reported in question 2.1a.

Comment (column 5)

• Indicate if you do not have the full breakdown of your jurisdiction's emissions or if the emissions being reported are an estimation e.g., downscale from national level or utilization of proxy data.

Sector Assessment Data

Energy Assessment Data

(3.1) Report the total annual electricity consumption data (in MWh) and the percentage breakdown of this consumption by energy type for your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

Total annual jurisdiction-wide consumption in MWh (row 1)

• In the first row you are requested to report on the total annual jurisdiction-wide electricity and heating and cooling consumption in MWh.
• If your data is in a unit that is not MWh please convert it to MWh this will enable data comparability, should you require guidance on converting the value to MWh please see the CDP Technical Note: Conversion of fuel data to MWh.

Data source used to provide percentage breakdown of consumption by source (jurisdiction-level preferred) (row 2)

• Select the applicable source of data you will use to report the percentage breakdown of energy (electricity and/or heating and cooling) consumption data by source.
• It is preferred that the percentage breakdown you report represents the breakdown of all energy consumed within the boundary of your jurisdiction, and where this is the case select ‘The percentage breakdown of consumption by source is based on jurisdiction-level data’.
• Where jurisdiction-level data is not available cities can report the breakdown of energy based on regional/state-, national- or utility-level data. Alternatively, jurisdictions can report the energy breakdown for their government operations by selecting the option ‘The percentage breakdown of consumption by source is based on the local government operations consumption data’.
• If multiple sources of data are used, then please select the primary source and in the field ‘Comment’ at the bottom of the table report the various data sources used.
• If your jurisdiction is unable to report the percentage breakdown of energy (electricity and/or heating and cooling) consumed, then select the option ‘The percentage breakdown of consumption by source is not available’. Selecting this option will ensure you are not presented with the ‘Percentage of total consumption from...’ fields as indicated by the * symbol.
• If available, please provide a link to a webpage or report where this data can be accessed in the field ‘Comment’ at the bottom of the table.
• Please complete all relevant ‘Percentage of total consumption from...’ fields where data is available, where data is unavailable the field can be left blank and where no energy is consumed from that source please enter 0 in the field.

(3.2) For each type of renewable energy within the jurisdiction boundary, report the installed capacity (MW) and annual generation (MWh).

Connection to other frameworks

• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

General

• The goal of this question is to get a better understanding of the installation of renewable energy across key areas, and the contribution of these installations at the jurisdiction-wide scale in absolute figures.
• In the field 'Type' common sources of renewable energy are listed. Please indicate in the field 'MW capacity' the MW capacity of renewable energy installed within the jurisdiction boundary.
• If the energy source is not applicable in your electricity grid, please enter 0. You can report in the field 'Comment' any other additional relevant information about the type of renewable energy that is installed within the jurisdiction boundary.
• Further support and guidance on renewable energy generation can be found on C40’s Knowledge Hub.
• Further information on the development of renewable energy across jurisdictions, using the most up-to-date information and data available, can be found in REN21’s Renewables in Cities Global Status Report.

Transport Data

(3.3) Report your jurisdiction's passenger mode share data.

Connection to other frameworks

• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG9, SDG11

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested content

General

• Modal share can be defined as the share of people using a particular mode of transport (including cycling and walking) within the overall transport usage of an urban area. Modal share can be calculated for passenger and freight (logistics) transport based on different units, such as number of trips, volume, weight, passenger-km or tonne-km (Source: EEA, 2013)
• In the field ‘Mode share data to report’ indicate whether your city the data to report mode share data for passenger transport, this will determine what rows are presented as indicated by the * symbol.
  • Passenger mode share fields (rows 2 – 11) are only presented if the option ‘City can report mode share data for passenger transport’ is selected.
• Where no trips are made for a particular mode type then please enter 0 in the applicable field.
• The fields ‘Total passenger mode share reported’ is auto-calculated. Please ensure that the value of this field is equal to 100.
• In the field ‘Comment’ you can report the source of mode share data, for example specifying if the reported mode share data is based on city-level, regional-level or national-level data.

Passenger mode share

• The field ‘Micromobility (including e-scooters)’ refers to a range of small, lightweight devices operating at speeds typically below 25 km/h and is ideal for trips up to 10km. It includes scooters, bicycles, skateboards, cargo bikes and rickshaws. For further information see the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy’s resource on ‘Defining Micromobility’.
• The field ‘Buses’ refers to your cities public fleet of buses or publicly procured bus services, private coach travel can be reported under ‘Private motorized transport’
• You can use the field ‘Comment’ to specify the metric used for calculating the mode share value (i.e., percentage of trips, percentage of tonnage, percentage of vkt or tonne-km or any alternative approach used) and the method used to calculate the values reported, for example indicating if this includes all freight trips made within the city, if it applies to all day or peak travel times etc.

Waste Data

(3.4) Report the following waste-related data for your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG6, SDG11, SDG12

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• If you select the option ‘This data is not available to report’ you will not be presented with the column ‘Response (in unit specified in column 1)’ as indicated by the * symbol. Optionally you may provide further context on why this data is not available or the support you may require collecting this data in the column ‘Comment’.
• Jurisdictions participating in the initiative ICLEI Circulars will be presented with the complete question as presented above.

Amount of solid waste generated (tonnes/year) (row 1)

• To establish the amount of waste generation, jurisdictions should consider all municipal solid waste that has been collected through the different mechanisms that the municipality has, which may include door-to-door residential collection, public bins and containers, private collection services, recycling drop-off points, transfer stations, green points, etc. Generally, goods captured through re-use fairs or establishments are not considered part of the amount of waste generation.
• In the column ‘Comment’ you are invited to report information on who is providing the solid waste collection service in your jurisdiction i.e., is it local authority and/or contractor(s).
• If available, attach a waste composition analysis and a sectoral breakdown of solid waste collected (residential, commercial, industrial, construction and demolition waste etc.)

Public Health Data

Health Systems

(3.5) Report on how climate change impacts health outcomes and health services in your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG3, SDG11, SDG13

Response Option

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested content

General

• This question identifies the impact of climate change on your jurisdiction's health systems and the health outcomes of its residents. This information can be used to guide health-related climate change adaptation and is also used to inform progress in jurisdiction-level climate change adaptation for health in the annual report published by the Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change.
• There is not yet a systematic way or methodology to collect this data. Therefore, the response can be based on both quantitative statistics as well as qualitative observations. It does not have to be published.
• You are able to add rows for each climate hazard or health issue you are reporting on using the “Add Row” button.
• See the WHO Urban Health Initiative case study on Accra and Kathmandu for more information and examples on how to enable cities to include health in policymaking.
• There are several tools and resources cities can use to calculate the health impact of climate hazards and actions. Some of them are:
• Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling by WHO: the HEAT estimates the value of reduced mortality that results from specified amounts of walking or cycling.
• Cities Rapid Assessment Framework for Transformation (CRAFT) Tool: CRAFT is a tool for assessing the climate change mitigation and health impacts of environmental policies.
• Carbon Reduction Benefits on Health (CaRBonH): is a calculation tool that allows quantification of the physical and economic consequences for human health achieved through improvements in country-level air quality from domestic carbon reductions.
• AirQ+: is a tool for health risk assessment of air pollution

Health areas affected by climate change (column 1)

• Health Outcomes: the changes in an individual’s or community’s health, both physical and mental which can be attributed to climate change.
• Health System: e.g., service provision, infrastructure and technologies. The effects of climate change on health systems, defined as: (i) all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and/or maintain health; (ii) the people, institutions and resources, arranged together in accordance with established policies, to improve the health of the population they serve, while responding to people’s legitimate expectations and protecting them against the cost of ill‐health through a variety of activities whose primary intent is to improve health.
• Areas Outside the Health System: the effects of climate change on activities and sectors other than the health system that, directly or indirectly, affect health outcomes (e.g. agriculture, water and sanitation, transport, power generation, built environment).
• If your jurisdiction is not yet able to measure climate change related health impacts, select this option and explain why not.

Identify the health issues driven by the selected climate hazard(s) (column 3)

• Heat-related illnesses: e.g., heat exhaustion, heat stroke, heat cramps.
• Cold-related illnesses: e.g., hypothermia, frostbite.
• Vector-borne infections and illnesses: e.g., malaria, dengue, Lyme disease, tick-born encephalitis.
• Water-borne infections and illnesses: e.g., typhoid fever, E coli, cholera, legionella, diarrhoeal diseases.
• Food-borne infections and illnesses: e.g., typhoid fever, E coli, salmonella, Norovirus, diarrhoeal diseases.
• Exacerbation of non-communicable disease symptoms - respiratory disease: e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections.
• Exacerbation of non-communicable disease symptoms – cardiovascular disease: e.g., coronary heart disease, stroke, aortic disease, high blood pressure.
• Exacerbation of non-communicable disease symptoms – other, please specify: e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cancer.
• Mental health impacts: e.g., depression, anxiety, exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions.
• Food & Nutrition Security: e.g., lack of access/decreased availability to food and subsequent malnourishment.
• Disruption to water, sanitation and wastewater services: e.g., lack of access/decreased availability of fresh, potable water.
• Disruption to health service provision: e.g., decreased or lack of access to health services such as health clinics, hospitals, etc.
• Disruption of health-related services: e.g., roads, electricity, communications, emergency/ambulatory response, laboratories, pharmacies.

Timeframe of impact (column 4)

• Indicate the timescale at which the impact is expected to occur based on the following list of values:
  • Short-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the impact of health issues driven by climate change by 2025.
  • Medium-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the impact of health issues driven by climate change between 2026 and 2050.
  • Long-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will experience the changes to the impact of health issues driven by climate change after 2051.

Identify which vulnerable populations are affected by the selected health issue(s) (column 5)

• Select the vulnerable population groups that are expected to be most affected by the selected health issue. This information can help the local government in having a better understanding of the vulnerability dimension of risks and in prioritizing their actions.
• Vulnerable groups are local-context-bound and could include the options listed, though this list is not exhaustive, should you wish to report a population group not listed select ‘Other, please specify’ and enter the name of the population group.
• There are different methodologies for assessing vulnerabilities at the level of local governments and they differ in terms of technical capacities and resources required, this can include Indicator-Based Vulnerability Assessments.
• Marginalized/minority communities may include refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and national minorities.
• Low-income households may include unemployed persons and persons living in sub-standard housing.

Comment (column 7)

• You can use the field ‘Comment’ to provide information on the approach and/or methodology used to determine the health impact of climate change in the jurisdiction.
• Report any further information to explain the impact of climate change on health outcomes and the health system in your jurisdiction. For example, health or climate hazard concerns or further details on the impact of climate change on health in your jurisdiction that is not covered.

COVID-19

(3.6) Provide information on the current impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate action in the jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG3

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

General

• COVID-19 is having an unprecedented impact on cities – from the need to rethink the public realm, to altering the delivery of municipal services (KPMG, 2020). The impact of the present global crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic is still evolving and is multi-dimensional, combining health, economic and social crisis (WEF, 2020), this has had a profound impact on climate action in cities.
• Local and regional governments are on the frontline of responses to the COVID-19 crisis. They play a key role to implement nation-wide measures, but also provide laboratories for bottom-up and innovative recovery strategies. In some cities COVID-19 has accelerated the shift towards a new urban paradigm towards inclusive, green and smart cities (OECD, 2020).
• The OECD has researched how green the COVID-19 recovery actually is. The OECD Green Recovery Database focuses on measures related to COVID-19 economic recovery efforts with clear positive, negative or “mixed” environmental impacts across one or several environmental dimensions.
• This question asks for the current impact of COVID-19 on the implementation of climate action and economic response. If you would like to provide information on the transitional (March 2020 till now) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, please do so in the field ‘Comment’.
• Note that the list of recovery interventions and climate action synergies is not exhaustive and additional interventions can be reported here using ‘Other, please specify’.
• You may use the field ‘Comment’ to add any additional context to your response.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

(3.7) Provide details of the household access to water, sanitation services and water consumption in your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG6

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• This question requests data on the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Access to water and sanitation is a human right, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), between 50 and 100 litres of water per person per day are needed to ensure that most basic needs are met (UN).Whereby some jurisdictions will need to focus on increasing household access to water, others will need to focus on reducing water consumption to conserve this resource.

Data availability (column 1)

• Please indicate the data which your jurisdiction has to report as it pertains to the percentage of households with access to safely managed drinking water services, the percentage of households with access to safely managed sanitation services and/or water consumption per capita per day. Your selection will determine which of the subsequent columns are presented as indicated by the * symbol.

Percentage of households with access to safely managed drinking water services (column 2)

• This figure is the percentage of households within the jurisdiction who have clean drinkable water available, either directly within their home, or accessible within a short distance, no further than 200 meters from the home.
• WHO/UNICEF defines a safely managed drinking water as an improved water source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include: piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.

Percentage of households with access to safely managed sanitation services (column 3)

• This figure is the percentage of households within the jurisdiction that have access to safely managed sanitation facilities, and at least basic handwashing facilities.
• “A safely managed sanitation facility is one where excreta is safely disposed of in situ or treated off-site. A basic handwashing facility is defined as a device to contain, transport or regulate the flow of water to facilitate handwashing with soap and water in the household” (SDG Tracker).

Household water consumption (litres/capita/day) (column 4)

• Report the water consumption per capita of people whose homes have a water connection to the jurisdiction’s network.
• Water consumption in this question refers to drinking, cooking, washing, sanitation and other domestic uses.
• This data can usually be obtained from the utility agency supplying your jurisdiction’s network.

Comment (column 5)

• Report whether (and to what extent) your jurisdiction addresses gender inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene.
• If known, provide water consumption forecasts and the number of years the estimate is for.

Food data

(3.8) What percentage of your population is food insecure and/or lives in a food desert?

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG2

Response Option

Please complete the following table:

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested content

Data availability (column 1)

• Indicate whether your jurisdiction has data to report for the percentage of population that is food insecure and/or the percentage of population lives in a food desert.
• Your selection will determine the presentation of columns 2 and 3 as indicated by the * symbol.

Percentage of population that is food insecure (column 2)

• Report the percentage of jurisdiction population that is food insecure as defined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators for monitoring Target 2.1 “End Hunger”: a) the prevalence of undernourishment; and/or b) the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale.
• While some jurisidctions may have their own definition of local food insecurity and are encouraged to share their definition, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale indicator provides internationally comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing moderate or severe difficulties in accessing food. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale produces a measure of the severity of food insecurity experienced by individuals or households, based on direct interviews. More information on this indicator can be found at FAO-WFP et al The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 or at MUFPP indicator 18.

Percentage of population that lives in a food desert (column 3)

• Report the percentage of jurisdiction population living in a food desert
• Food deserts are geographic areas where residents’ access to food is restricted or non-existent due to the absence or low density of “food entry points” within a practical travelling distance (FAO, 2017).
• The USDA defines food deserts as a geographic area where at least 500 people or 33% of the population located more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket or large grocery store (USDA, 2012).

Comment (column 4)

• You can use the comment field to provide information on the definition and methodology used to calculate food insecurity and food deserts.

Module: Targets

4. Adaptation Goals

(4.1) Does your jurisdiction have an adaptation goal(s) in place? If no adaptation goal is in place, please indicate the primary reason why.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
  
• Race to Resilience
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Select one of the following options:

• Yes, our jurisdiction has an adaptation goal(s)
• No, but we are planning to introduce a goal in the next two years
• No, and not intending to set a goal
• No, due to a lack of resources
• No, as our goal is already achieved
• No, due to a reason not listed above

Requested Content

General

• Indicate if your jurisdiction has an active adaptation goal(s) in place by selecting the option ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an active adaptation goal(s)’. You will then be presented with the next question where you will be requested to report further information in relation to the goal(s).
• If you do not have an active adaptation goal in place, please indicate the primary reason why. You can also add a comment to provide further context by clicking on the speech bubble icon adjacent to the question text in the reporting system.

(4.1a) Report your jurisdiction’s main adaptation goals.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an adaptation goal(s)’ is selected in response to 4.1.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
  
• Race to Resilience
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested Content

Select a reference ID for the goal (column 1)

• Select an option from the list of goal reference ID’s. If reporting more than one goal, please ensure you select a unique goal ID for each goal.

Adaptation goal (column 2)

• Outline your jurisdiction's main goals for climate adaptation. If possible, these goals should be time bounded, and able to be monitored and evaluated based on specific metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs).

Climate hazards that goal addresses (column 3)

• Select the applicable climate hazards that are addressed by the adaptation goal, this can include hazards that are both directly and indirectly addressed by the goal.

Base year of goal (or year goal was adopted if no base year) (column 4)

• Report the base year of the goal, this is the reference year from which progress of the goal is being measured. If a base year is not applicable to the adaptation goal, then report the year in which the adaptation goal was adopted.

Target year of goal (column 5)

• Please enter in numerical form the year by which you anticipate achieving your adaptation goal. Please note that the target year cannot be in the past.

Description of metric / indicator used to track goal (column 6)

• Report details on the primary metric or indicator that is being used to monitor and evaluate progress towards the adaptation goal.
• Report information on the process(es) in place to support monitoring and evaluation of the goal.
• The Urban Adaptation Support Tool and Urban Adaptation Assessment Indicator List are useful references for indicators to monitor adaptation goals.

Comment (column 7)

• You may use the field ‘Comment’ to add any additional context to your response.

5. Mitigation Targets

Emissions targets

(5.1) Does your jurisdiction have an active greenhouse gas emission reduction target(s) in place? If no active GHG emissions reduction target is in place, please indicate the primary reason why.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
  
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)
• No, but we are planning to introduce a target in the next two years
• No, as our emissions are not fully calculated
• No, and not intending to set a target
• No, due to a lack of resources
• No, as our target is already achieved
• No, due to a reason not listed above

Requested Content

General

• An emissions reduction target is a commitment to reduce, or limit the increase of, GHG emissions or emissions intensity by a specified quantity, to be achieved by a future date.
• For further information on emissions reduction targets please refer to the Mitigation Goal Standard, developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI).
• If your jurisdiction does not have an emissions reduction target, please select the primary reason why not from the options presented.
• Science-based climate targets will be part of CDP scoring criteria in 2022 and are a key element of the Cities Race to Zero commitment. To ensure that your jurisdiction’s target can be checked for alignment with 1.5°C, you should provide data for the questions and columns outlined here. Reporting this information will help CDP and its partners to support your jurisdiction to: update targets where needed, take emissions reduction action in line with your target and track progress over time.

(5.1a) Provide details of your emissions reduction target(s).

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
  
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)’ is selected in response to 5.1.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested content

Select a reference ID for the target (column 1)

• Select an option from the list of target reference ID’s. If reporting more than one target, please ensure you select a unique target ID for each target. This target reference ID will be presented alongside this target in future years when reporting to better support year-on-year tracking of targets.

Target type (column 2)

• Select the specific target type that is being reported i.e., base year (absolute), fixed level, base year intensity or baseline scenario target.
• The selected target type will determine the subsequent fields that are presented. The columns indicated by the * symbol will either be presented or not based on the target type, this is explained for each applicable column in the guidance below.
• Base year emissions (absolute) target: A base year emissions (absolute) target is a commitment to reduce or controls the increase of emissions by a specified quantity relative to a base year. For example, a 25% reduction of absolute emissions from 1990 levels by 2020.
• Fixed level target: Fixed level goals represent a reduction in emissions to an absolute emissions level by a target year. For example, “to achieve 200Mt CO2e by 2020”. Carbon neutrality goals are the most common type of fixed level goal, for example: “to reach net zero emissions by 2050”.
• Base year intensity target: A base year intensity target is a commitment to reduce a jurisdiction's emissions intensity (emissions per unit of another variable, typically GDP) by a specified quantity relative to a base year. For example, a 40% reduction of emissions per GDP from 1990 levels by 2020.
• Baseline scenario (business as usual) target: A baseline scenario (business as usual) target is a commitment to reduce emissions by a specified quantity relative to a projected emissions baseline scenario, also referred to as a business-as-usual scenario. A baseline scenario is a reference case that represents future events or conditions most likely to occur in the absence of activities taken to meet the mitigation goal.

Boundary of target relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 3)

• Indicate the boundary of your emissions reduction target relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• Select the option ‘Same - covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ to report an emissions reduction target that covers all of jurisdiction.
• If a boundary option other than ‘Same - covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ is selected a text box will be presented. Please provide a brief justification of additions/exclusions in comparison with your jurisdiction’s boundary.

Emissions sources covered by target (column 4)

• Please select the most appropriate option that represents the emissions sources covered by your emissions reduction target relative to your jurisdiction's emission inventory.
• If none of the listed options reflect the emissions sources covered by target then select ‘Other, please specify’ while if you do not have an emissions inventory then select ‘Our jurisdiction has not yet developed an emissions inventory’.
• ‘BASIC’ emissions include scope 1 and scope 2 emissions from stationary energy and transportation, as well as scope 1 and scope 3 emissions from waste.

Are carbon credits currently used or planned to be used to achieve this target? (column 5) / Percentage of target to be met using carbon credits generated from outside jurisdiction or target boundary (column 6)

• Targets may be achieved using any combination of emission reductions from within the target boundary (domestic reductions) and transferable emissions units/carbon credits generated outside of the jurisdiction or target boundary.
• Indicate if carbon credits currently used or planned to be used to achieve this target.
• If you select the option ‘Yes, this target will be achieved using carbon credits and the number of credits required has been quantified’ you will be requested to report the percentage of target to be met using carbon credits generated from outside jurisdiction or target boundary in column 6. In addition, you will be requested to provide further information on the use/planned use of the carbon credits in the subsequent question.
• For further information on the use of carbon credits units refer to Section 4.5 of the Mitigation Goal Standard, developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Year target was established (column 7)

• Select the year in which your target came into effect or was approved by the local government. This is not your targets base year which is used as the reference year from which to measure or compare emissions.

Covered emissions in year target was established (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 8)

• Report the emissions from the sources selected in the column ‘Emissions sources covered by target’ in the year the target was established. This is not your targets base year emissions which is used as the reference value from which to measure or compare emissions.

Base year (column 9)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• Report the target’s base year (also known as the “representative year”) This is the reference year from which the emissions reductions are measured.
• If you are reporting a target for a specific sector of your inventory, please provide the base year for that sector.
• If reporting interim targets or more than one target, it is highly recommended to keep the same base year for all targets if possible.

Covered emissions in base year (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 10)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• Report the target’s base year absolute emissions in metric tonnes CO2e. Base year emissions are the greenhouse gas emissions from your base year on which your target is based.
• Please ensure the base year emissions corresponds to the total emissions value of the base year emissions inventory if all emissions sources included in jurisdiction inventory are covered by the target.
• If you are reporting a target for a specific sector of your emissions inventory, or for a different emissions boundary, please provide the base year emissions for that sector or boundary.
• If available, you can attach your emissions inventory for the base year to this column.

Emissions intensity figure in base year (metric tons CO2e per capita or GDP) (column 11)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’ or ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ in response to column 2.
• Report the target’s base year emissions intensity figure. Dependent on the target type this will be the emissions in metric tons CO2e per capita or emissions in metric tons CO2e per unit GDP (i.e., emissions per $1/£1 etc. of GDP).
• Please ensure the base year emissions corresponds to the total emissions value of the base year emissions inventory if all emissions sources included in jurisdiction inventory are covered by the target.

Target year (Column 12)

• Report the year by which the target should be achieved. Please note that the target year cannot be in the past.

Estimated business as usual emissions in target year (metric tonnes CO2e) (Column 13)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• This refers to the emissions in the target year under a reference case that represents the future events or conditions most likely to occur in the absence of activities taken to meet the mitigation goal.
• Sometimes referred to as business-as-usual scenarios, baseline scenarios are plausible descriptions of a possible future state of the world given pre-established assumptions and methodological choices.
• For further information on estimating baseline scenario emissions refer to Section 5.2 of the Mitigation Goal Standard, developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Percentage of emissions reduction (including offsets and carbon dioxide removal) (column 14)

• This column is only presented if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ in response to column 2.
• Please enter the numerical value for the percentage of reduction (depending on the target in place) without commas and without the percentage symbol (%).
• Include in this percentage any offsets and carbon dioxide removals that are currently in use or planned to be in use in the target year.
• If your target is not currently expressed as a percentage, please convert it into this format (for example an absolute emissions reduction in metric tonnes CO2e can be converted into a percentage reduction relative to the base year).
• If this is not possible, please note your target reduction and other relevant detail in the ‘Please explain’ field for this question.

Emissions in target year (including offsets and carbon dioxide removal) (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 15)

• Please note that if you have selected ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’ this will be an auto-populated field and the value will be calculated based on your base year emissions and percentage of emissions reduction. You must enter a value in the fields ‘Covered emissions in base year (metric tonnes CO2e)’ and ‘Percentage of emissions reduction (including offsets and carbon dioxide removal)’ in order for the calculation to be complete.

Specify if target is considered a science-based target (SBT) and the SBT methodology it aligns to (column 17)

• Select first whether or not the target is considered to be a science-based target (SBT), if so please select the SBT methodology it aligns to and if not please indicate your intention to set one in the future.
• A science-based target is a jurisdiction-wide emissions reduction target that is aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
• It includes both a long-term target to reduce emissions to net zero by 2050 and a 1.5°C-aligned mid-term target that represents a jurisdiction’s share of halving global emissions by 2030.
• A science-based target is:
  • aligned with the latest climate science,
  • equitable - taking into account different historical contributions to atmospheric emissions levels and socio-economic development, and
  • complete - covering jurisdiction-wide emissions from a variety of sources (at least scope 1 and 2 emissions) and multiple GHGs.
• For more information on how to set a science-based target, please refer to the Science-Based Target Network’s Guide for Cities.

Covered emissions in most recent inventory (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 18)

• If your jurisdiction has an inventory in place, please report the latest emissions for the emissions sources covered by the target (i.e., this figure represents the most recent data available for the emissions addressed by this target).
• If you are reporting a ‘Base year emissions (absolute) target’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per capita’, ‘Base year intensity target based on emissions per unit GDP’ or ‘Baseline scenario target’ and the base year is the same year as the year of your most recent inventory then the value input here will be the same as the value input in the column ‘Base year’.

Is this target the jurisdictions most ambitious target? (column 19)

• Please select if this target is considered to be your jurisdiction’s most ambitious target, this will support data analysis of the reported emissions reduction targets, in particular when more than one target has been reported.
• Ambition should refer to the total quantity of emissions reduced, for example if your jurisdiction has three emissions reduction targets such as 50% reduction by 2030, 75% reduction by 2040 and 100% reduction by 2050 then you would only select ‘Yes’ for the 100% reduction by 2050 target, for the other interim targets the appropriate selection is ‘No, but it is an interim target for the most ambitious target’.

Alignment with Nationally Determined Contribution (column 20)

• Report how your target’s ambition level compares with your applicable Nationally Determined Contribution. The Climate Action Tracker’s Climate Target Update Tracker provides an overview of many NDC’s which may be useful when comparing the alignment of your jurisdictions target with your applicable Nationally Determined Contribution.

Select the conditional components of your emissions reduction target (column 21)

• Indicate if your target is conditional on the success of an externality or component of policy outside of direct control of your jurisdiction’s administration. For example, if your target requires further legislation, regulation, policy, financial support from a higher level of government please indicate this here. If your target is conditional on a factor not listed select ‘Other, please specify’ and report the factor in the text box that is presented.

Please explain (Column 22)

• Please provide any further relevant information relating to your target, this can include information on how the population projection value was estimated, whether your target includes emissions from international aviation and shipping and links to press releases, policy documents with further information on the target.
• Note for reporting baseline scenario targets: Please outline in this field what emissions projection modelling method was used and attach documentation of the methodology, data inputs and assumptions used. For further information on estimating baseline scenario emissions please refer to Chapter 5 ‘Estimating Base Year or Baseline Scenario Emissions’ of the WRI Mitigation Goal Standard.
• Note for reporting emissions intensity targets: Please provide an explanation for how you projected the growth in the activity unit and if it is on a linear basis, compounded basis or year-on-year basis.
• You may provide a hyperlink or attachment in this field to any additional information relevant to your target which could include a press release, policy document etc.

(5.1b) Provide details on the current or planned use of carbon credits sold to or purchased from outside the jurisdiction or target boundary.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, this target will be achieved using carbon credits and the number of credits required has been quantified’ is selected in response to 5.1a Column ‘Are carbon credits currently used or planned to be used to achieve this target?'.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Zero

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

[Add Row]

Requested Content

General

• A carbon credit represents a metric ton of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) that is avoided or sequestered outside the GHG accounting boundary (or geographic boundary as a proxy for GHG accounting boundary) and can be used to compensate for a metric ton of residual GHG emissions occurring within the accounting boundary (Defining carbon neutrality for cities & managing residual emissions, C40).

Type of carbon credits (column 1)

• The primary intent of this question is to request data as it pertains to the purchase of credits from outside of the boundary, to report this information please select the option ‘Offset credit transactions purchased from outside of the boundary’.
• Additionally, and where relevant jurisdictions can report if they are involved in the generation and sale of carbon credits by selecting the option ‘Offset credit transactions generated within the boundary and sold’.
• If you do select the option ‘Offset credit transactions generated within the boundary and sold’ please report the mechanism by which they are sold and where the offsets are used in the column ‘Comment’.

Identify target (column 2)

• Select the target ID, as reported in 5.1a, to indicate which target the carbon credits being reported are supporting.

Emissions purchased/sold (metric tonnes CO2e) (column 3)

• Report the quantity of emissions the carbon credits represent in metric tonnes CO2e. This will assist with ensuring transparency and enabling accurate reporting of progress made towards the mitigation targets reported in 5.1a.
• Chapter 4 (Section 4.5) of the WRI’s Mitigation Goal Standard provides guidance on ensuring the environmental integrity of units, and Chapter 9 provides equations for accounting for units.

Verified to which standard (column 4)

• Carbon credit projects should be verified and/or validated under standards by reputable, certified third party auditors. Select from the list the applicable standard used or where the standard used is not listed, please select ‘Other, please specify’ and report the standard in the text box that is presented.

Outline the crediting period and country(ies) where offsetting efforts are or will be taking place (column 5)

• Report both the crediting period and country(ies) where offsetting efforts are or will be taking place. The crediting period is the quantity of time during which a carbon credit project generates verifiable and/or certifiable carbon credits. After the end of the crediting period, the project can be re-evaluated against current standards for renewal, otherwise the project will cease to produce carbon credits.

Comment (column 6)

• Additional information may include stating if the use of carbon credits are planned or decided upon. Further information could include how your government has or will consider all direct and indirect social and environmental impacts of the carbon credit project. It could also include how any harmful impacts from projects will be avoided or mitigated and how potential educational, economic development, and resiliency benefits will be maximised.

(5.1c) If your jurisdiction has a net zero target, report the proportion of the net zero target that is allocated to emissions removals and provide further information on the emissions removal activities that the jurisdiction is undertaking.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)’ is selected in response to 5.1.

Response Options

Please complete the following table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

(5.1d) Provide the following information in relation to the governance of your jurisdiction's emissions reduction targets.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has an active greenhouse gas emissions reduction target(s)’ is selected in response to 5.1.

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

6. Sector Targets

Energy and other environment-related targets

(6.1) Provide details of your jurisdiction's energy-related and other environment-related targets.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure C)
  
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested content

Target type (column1)

• Please select the target type you are reporting. Jurisdictions are encouraged to initially report energy-related target that advance the generation and/or consumption of renewable energy. the IRENA Renewable Energy Target Setting report, which defines renewable energy targets as: “Numerical goals established by governments or other actors (such as electric utilities) to achieve a specific amount of renewable energy production or consumption. Renewable energy targets can apply to the electricity, heating/cooling or transport sectors, or to the energy sector, and include a specific time period or date by which the target is to be reached.”
• For more information on setting renewable energy targets see the Renewables in Cities 2019 Global Status Report (page 51) and to see the latest overview of renewable energy targets at the city-level see the Renewables in Cities 2021 Global Status Report (page 44).
• The full list of target types is listed in Appendix D (Sector targets). You will be first requested to report what area the target relates to, for example Renewable energy generation target, Transport target, Air quality target. Based on this selection you are then presented with more specific target types related to the selected area. If the target types presented are not relevant to the area, then please select the option ‘Other…target type’ and enter the specific target type in the text box that is presented.

Target description (column 2)

• Provide a description of the target. This can include further information on the scope of the target for example specifying whether the target covers all sectors or only a specific sub-sector, or whether the target is technology-specific (e.g., focussed on solar PV) versus technology-neutral (e.g., covers all renewable energy technologies).
• You may wish to provide information on whether the target is binding or aspirational and if any penalties apply in the event that the target is not met.

Boundary of target relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 3)

• Indicate the boundary of your target relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• Select the option ‘Same - covers entire jurisdiction and nothing else’ to report a target that is intended to or does apply to the entire jurisdiction. For example, if your jurisdiction has a target to power your jurisdiction with 100% renewable energy then this is the appropriate response.
• If a boundary option other than ‘Same (city-wide) - covers entire city and nothing else’ is selected a text box will be presented. Please provide a brief justification of boundary additions/exclusions in the text box. For example, the target may only apply to certain sectors or locations within your jurisdiction and in this instance the option ‘Smaller - covers only part of the jurisdiction, please explain exclusions’ may be the appropriate selection.

Year target was established (column 4)

• Select the year in which your target came into effect or was approved by the local government. This is not your targets base year which is used as the reference year from which to measure progress.

Base year (column 5)

• Report the target’s base year (also known as the “representative year”) This is the reference year from which the targets progress can be measured.

Metric used to measure target (columns 6 and 7)

• If your target type is a renewable energy or energy efficiency target then you will be presented with a drop-down list of energy-related metrics kW, MW, GW, kWh, MWh, GWh and Percentage (%) in column 6.
• Jurisdictions reporting a renewable energy or energy efficiency are not required to provide details in the subsequent text field ‘Metric used to measure target’ unless further context on the applicable metric is required.
• If the target type is not a renewable energy or energy efficiency target, then please provide a description of the metric in the text field ‘Metric used to measure target’

Metric value in base year (column 8)

• Report the value of the target in the base year, for example if the target is to ‘Increase installed capacity of renewable electricity’ and the installed capacity of renewable electricity generation sources was 5MW in the base year then you would enter the number 5 in this field.

Target year (column 9)

• Report the year by which the target should be achieved. Please note that the target year cannot be in the past.

Metric value in target year (column 10)

• Report the expected value to be achieved in the target year, for example if the target is to increase the proportion of electricity consumed from renewable sources to 100% by 2030 then enter 100 in the field.

Metric value in most recent year data is available (column 11)

• Report the metric value for most recent year data is available, this data will inform analysis of the progress of sector-based targets. In the field ‘Comment’ you can indicate the year for which this data applies or if data is not available then this can also be reported in the field ‘Comment’.

Percentage of renewable energy of total energy in target year (column 12)

• This column is only presented if the target type you are reporting is a renewable energy target.
• Report the expected jurisdiction-wide sector-wide percentage of final energy consumption that will be consumed from renewable energy sources in the target year.
• If you are reporting a percentage-based target renewable energy consumption target, then this value may be the same the value as that reported in column 10 ‘Metric value in target year’.
• Given the broad spectrum of renewable energy targets that are set by governments this data will enable comparability of reported targets.

Is this target publicly available? (column 13)

• Report if the target is publicly available, if so please provide a link in the text box that is presented or attach the file using the paperclip icon in the reporting system. If the link is more than 250 characters, then please provide the link in the field ‘Comment’.

Comment (column 13)

• Please provide any additional contextual information which can include data sources used and methods to assess progress. You may wish to reference any plans or strategies developed to help deliver the target. If you have specified policies, programs, and/or financial incentives that are in place to support uptake of renewable energy production/consumption please indicate here the administering body (local/regional/national/supranational) of these actions.

Module: Planning

Climate Action Planning

(7.1) Does your jurisdiction have a climate action plan or strategy?

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Strategy (Disclosure C)
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response options

Select from:

• Yes, our jurisdiction has a climate action plan or strategy
• No, but we are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
• No, but we are intending to undertake one in the next two years
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to lack of financial capacity and expertise/technical capacity
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to other higher priorities
• No, and we are not intending to undertake due to a reason not listed above, please specify

Requested content

General

• Please respond to indicate whether your jurisdiction has produced a climate action plan by selecting 'Yes, our jurisdiction has a climate action plan or strategy' from the drop-down menu.
• This can include an integrated climate action plan that addresses climate adaptation, climate mitigation and/or energy or a standalone plan(s) that addresses these aspects.
• If your jurisdiction does not have a climate action plan then select the most relevant reason why not, if you wish to provide further information you can do so by selecting the comment icon and entering this information in the presented text field.

Resources

Adaptation and mitigation

Adaptation

Mitigation

(7.1a) Report details on the climate action plan or strategy that addresses climate mitigation and/or climate adaptation (resilience) in your jurisdiction.

Question dependencies

This question is presented if ‘Yes, our jurisdiction has a climate action plan or strategy’ is selected in response to 7.1.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Strategy (Disclosure C)
  
• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG7, SDG11, SDG13, SDG17

Response Options

Please complete the following table. A comment field will accompany this question to allow for any additional relevant information to be reported.

Requested Content

Climate action plan type (column 1)

• Report the type of climate action plan your jurisdiction has in place, this may be an integrated climate action plan which encompasses both adaptation, mitigation (and potentially energy access and/or poverty) or standalone plans that separately address adaption, mitigation and/or energy access.

Attachment/ link and name of plan (column 2)

• Use this field to attach your jurisdiction’s climate action plan. You can do this by clicking ‘Chose file’, navigating to the inventory file and clicking ‘Attach’. Confirm that the inventory has been attached by selecting the option ‘The plan has been attached’ in column 3.
• If you are providing a direct weblink to the climate action plan, please ensure the climate action plan can be accessed unrestricted on the link provided.

Confirm attachment/link provided to plan (column 3)

• Select the appropriate option from the list of the presented options. For example, if you have attached the file in column 2 you will make the selection ‘The plan has been attached’
• Providing access to your jurisdiction’s climate action plan is a key item for multiple projects, initiatives and data users for assessment and validation purposes. The purpose of this column is to ensure that jurisdictions who have reported they have climate action plans have provided access to the plan or have indicated that they cannot.

Boundary of plan relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 4)

• Indicate the boundary of your climate action plan relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• If the jurisdiction’s climate action plan covers only part of the jurisdiction or covers the whole jurisdiction and adjoining areas outside of the jurisdiction boundary then use the explanation field presented to briefly describe which areas are excluded or additional areas included. For example, if the boundary is smaller or larger indicate the population that is covered by the plan if this is different from the population reported in 0.1.

Processes for monitoring, evaluation and updates of plan (column 5)

• Please indicate the frequency to which the climate plan is monitored, evaluated and updated. If these processes are not in place, then select the option ‘No monitoring, evaluation or update processes in place’. If other processes are in place related to the monitoring, evaluation and updating of the climate action plan then please select the option ‘Other, please specify’ and provide a brief explanation of these processes.
• Monitoring: Indicate how often information on progress of the climate action plan is monitored and publicly reported. It is important that there is a process for monitoring and reporting progress on implementation of the climate action plan with key performance indicators identified for priority actions. This includes regular monitoring and public reporting, in line with existing governance and reporting systems.
• Evaluation: Indicate the frequency to which the climate action plan is evaluated. This provides insight into the processes for evaluating the impact of the climate action plan and can include evaluating jurisdiction wide emissions reductions, risk reduction and the equitable distribution of benefits.
• Updates: Indicate the frequency to which updates to the plan are published. Monitoring and evaluation should feed into the continuous review and revision of the plan, ensuring a reflective and iterative planning process that keeps the jurisdiction on track to meet its targets. This indicates that a process and timeline for review and revision are part of the climate action plan. For further information related to the monitoring, evaluation and updating of climate action plans see C40’s Climate Action Planning Framework.

Funding sources and financial instruments to finance plan (column 6)

• Select all the applicable funding sources and financial instruments that are being used and/or are intended to be used to finance your jurisdiction’s climate action plan.
• The presented list of options is not exhaustive, and should your jurisdiction use alternative funding sources of financial instruments please indicate this by selecting ‘Other, please specify’ and report all others in the text box that is presented.

Stakeholders engaged (column 7)

• Select all of the stakeholder(s) that have been engaged with on the selected plan(s) in Column 1.
• Engaging with multiple stakeholders ensures that the jurisdiction has incorporated a wide range of perspectives and priorities (UN-Habitat). The C40 Inclusive Community Engagement Playbook provides practical support to develop an effective engagement strategy.
• Using a variety of engagement methods increases the ability to engage across different stakeholders, particularly hard-to-reach groups. The methods you use should be selected based on your engagement objectives, for example, to co-design, collaboration, consult, inform or identify/manage. (C40).

Describe if and how climate-related scenarios have informed the plan (column 8)

• This is an exploratory question on the use of climate-related scenarios in the development of climate action plans/strategies.
• Please outline if your climate action plan/strategy has been informed by climate-related scenarios. If so, which scenarios have been used and which time horizons applied. This can include scenarios that are aligned with 1.5°C and 2°C, and, where relevant scenarios resulting in higher temperature increases and consistent with increased climate hazards.
• Scenario analysis can be qualitative, relying on descriptive, written narratives, or quantitative, relying on numerical data and models, or some combination of both. Please outline if your use of scenarios has been qualitative or quantitative in nature.
• There are publicly available scenarios (such as those developed by the International Energy Agency, Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project, and International Renewable Energy Agency) jurisdictions can use, as a direct tool, or a reference point for tailored scenarios.
• If it is the case that your jurisdictions master plan (referred to sometimes as a development plan or strategy) considers climate-related scenarios, please outline this also.

Sector Action Planning

(7.2) Report details on the other environment-related plans, policies and/or strategies in your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

• Race to Resilience
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Option

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

[Add Row]

Requested content

Area of plan and/or strategy (column 1)

• Report any other climate-related plan and/or strategy in your jurisdiction. These can include but are not limited to topic specific plans/strategies on for example energy, food, health, mobility and/or water. Please use the ‘other, please specify’ option if the appropriate area is not available.
• If C40 or ICLEI GCC please report your consumption-based emissions strategy, if applicable, in question 7.3.
• For air quality this can include an Air Quality Management Plan developed by the jurisdiction only, or a regional/airshed AQMP in which the jurisdiction participates, or a Climate Action Plan (CAP) where air quality and public health considerations are integrated. An AQMP or AQ integrated-CAP will typically contain:
  • Clear time-bound targets for multiple pollutants (PMx, NOx, Ozone, CO, black carbon, methane, VOCs);
  • Comprehensive control strategies to reduce emissions in key sectors, including a description of how various agencies or departments will implement the strategies and programs outlined;
  • For example the South Coast Air Quality Management Plan 2016

Attachment/ link and name of plan (column 2)

• Use this field to attach any other climate-related plan. You can do this by clicking ‘Chose file’, navigating to the inventory file and clicking ‘Attach’.
• If you are providing a direct weblink to the climate action plan, please ensure the climate action plan can be accessed unrestricted on the link provided.

Current status of plan (column 3)

• In implementation: if your jurisdiction has begun to implement actions from the climate action plan (execution);
• Implementation complete: if the actions identified in the plan have been fully implemented;
• Monitoring and evaluation in progress: if the project is complete and results are being measured;
• Plan update in progress: if your jurisdiction has begun to update the action plan based on the progress and success of actions that have been executed.

Boundary of plan relative to jurisdiction boundary (column 4)

• Indicate the boundary of your climate-related plan relative to your jurisdiction’s boundary (as reported in 0.1).
• If the jurisdiction’s climate-related plan covers only part of the jurisdiction or covers the whole jurisdiction and adjoining areas outside of the jurisdiction boundary then use the explanation field presented to briefly describe which areas are excluded or additional areas included.

Year of formal approval of plan and End year of plan (column 5 and 6)

• Enter the year the plan was published and approved by the jurisdiction and the year in which the plan will conclude as a numeric value.

Comment (column 7)

• You may use the field ‘Comment’ to add any additional context to your response.

Finance

(7.3) Describe any planned climate-related projects within your jurisdiction for which you hope to attract financing.

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested Content

General

• The goal of this question is to understand what climate-related projects your jurisdiction is currently seeking external financing for from public or private institutions. These may be projects relating to renewable energy, sustainable transport, building or energy efficiency, waste, water or other climate-related areas. From the data gathered in this question, we aim to help improve access to financing for climate change-related projects.
• Use the table in this question to list the different projects your jurisdiction is looking to attract public or private sector finance for – you can add multiple projects by clicking ‘Add row’.
• If you select the option 'No relevant projects' the subsequent columns that contain the * symbol will not be presented.
  
  

Project area (column 1)

• Your selection will determine whether the subsequent columns are presented. If your jurisdiction is not currently seeking financing on any relevant projects, please select “No relevant projects” in the first field, if this option is selected then none of the subsequent columns will be presented.
• Use the drop-down options to select the project area that is closest to the project that your jurisdiction is seeking financing for. If the project also relates to other project areas, you can provide this information in the field ‘Project description and attach project proposal’.

Project title (column 2)

• Please provide a short title or name for the project. You can provide further qualitative information on the project in the field ‘Project description and attach project proposal’.

Stage of project development (column 3)

• Please indicate the current status of the project by selecting from the listed options.

Status of financing (column 4)

• Please indicate the status of the project’s financing by selecting from the listed options:
• Project not financed and seeking partial financing: If the project is not funded and your jurisdiction is seeking financing for part of the project. If your project is in this status, please indicate how much finance is being sought in these fields of the table.
• Project not financed and seeking full financing: if the project is not funded and seeking financing for the whole project. If your project is in this status, please indicate how much finance is being sought in these fields of the table.
• Project partially financed and seeking additional financing: if the project is partially financed, but your jurisdiction is still seeking additional finance. If your project is in the status, please indicate how much finance has already been received and how much additional finance is being sought.

Financing model identified (column 5)

• Indicate if your jurisdiction has identified possible financing models for the implementation of climate action projects.

Project description and attach project proposal (column 6)

• Use this text box to describe the project in as much detail as possible. Detail should include context about the project such as: a web link, the scale of the project, collaborators in the project, expected environmental and social impacts, the type of financing being sought (if known), etc. If available, attach your written project proposal using the attachment function.

Total cost of project (column 7)

• Give an estimate of the total overall cost of the project, including any financing which has already been secured. This figure should be in the same currency that you selected in question 0.1 for all financial information disclosed throughout your response.

Total investment cost needed (if relevant) (column 8)

• Indicate how much finance you hope to raise for the project. If your project is partially financed and seeking additional finance, please indicate the amount of money your jurisdiction is still seeking. This figure should be in the same currency that you selected in question 0.1 for all financial information disclosed throughout your response.

(7.4) Report the factors that support climate-related investment and financial planning in your jurisdiction.

Connection to other frameworks

Sustainable Development Goals: SDG17

Response Options

Please complete the following table:

Requested content

Mechanisms used by jurisdiction to access finance for climate-related projects (row 1)

• Listed are a range of mechanisms used by local governments to access finance for climate-related projects, select the options that are used by your jurisdiction. Some of the listed options will not be applicable to your jurisdiction and some options that are applicable may not be listed, if this is the case please select ‘Other, please specify’ and outline the mechanism(s) used.
• If you have indicated that your jurisdiction has received or secured funding for climate-related projects from an International Financial Institution (e.g. World Bank, Asian Development Bank, etc.) please outline in the comments field please outline the specific International Financial Institution.

Credit rating (row 2)

• Select whether your jurisdiction has an international and/or domestic credit rating, or no credit rating. If your jurisdiction has more than one rating, please report the highest credit rating and indicate the other rating(s) in the column ‘Comment’.
• Credit ratings are forward looking opinions about an issuer’s relative creditworthiness. They provide a common and transparent global language for investors to form a view on and compare the relative likelihood of whether an issuer may repay its debts on time and in full (S&P, 2020)

Decarbonising jurisdiction investments (row 3)

• Indicate if your jurisdiction has taken steps to decarbonise the investments held by the jurisdiction retirement funds either by investing in the low-carbon economy, divesting from fossil fuels or other actions. These actions can promote the transition to a more resilient, prosperous and sustainable economy.
• If applicable, provide further detail in the comment column on other actions you are taking which could include aligning reporting with the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures recommendations, developing a policy to divest from fossil fuel companies etc.
• Government’s around the world have committed to divest from fossil fuels and increase investments to build more just and sustainable cities, recent examples include Auckland, Copenhagen, Glasgow, Paris, Rio de Janeiro and Seattle (C40).

Module :Actions

Adaptation Actions

(8.1) Describe the outcomes of the most significant adaptation actions your jurisdiction is currently undertaking. Note that this can include those in the planning and/or implementation phase.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure A)
  
• Race to Resilience
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested Content

Action (column 1)

• Report the outcomes of the most significant adaptation actions your jurisdiction is currently undertaking.
• If the action types presented are not applicable then select ‘Other, please specify’ and provide the action type in the text box that is presented.
• If your jurisdiction is not taking any action, select the option ‘No adaptation action in place’ and in the follow-on field select the option that best reflects your jurisdiction’s intention to undertake an action.
• Note for Brazilian Cities: SEEG have developed a tool to support the identification and implementation of climate actions.

Climate hazard(s) that action addresses (column 2)

• The drop-down options in this question depend on the selection of climate hazards in question 1.2
• The actions selected must correspond to the hazard being reported against. If the action does not directly related to a hazard please select ‘action does not address hazard’.

Action description and web link to further information (column 3)

• Use this field to describe the action in as much detail as possible. Detail could include context about the project such as how your jurisdiction identified and prioritized the action, whether your jurisdiction tested the actions through pilot/demonstration projects. Where possible, outline the tools and mechanisms for measuring the impact of the adaptation action and number of people impacted by adaptation action. If available, please include a weblink which provides further information on the action.
• If you select 'action in operation', please provide information on progress tracking and/or ongoing monitoring & evaluation data if available. Tracking the adaptation action's progress is important especially when the timeframe is medium- to long-term. It can provide you with information on what is working, what is not and if alterations need to be made to succeed. (IISD, 2019)

Sectors adaptation action applies to (column 4)

• Select the relevant sectors where the adaptation action is applicable. This may be the sectors where the goal is directly implemented or sectors where the action indirectly reduces the risk of climate hazards to that sector.

Co-benefits realized (column 5)

• Actions taken to adapt to climate change can also provide additional areas of benefit for the jurisdiction. Please select which areas other than creating resilience are also improved as a result of the action.
• Evaluating the impacts of wider opportunities/benefits can help build a strong case for climate actions, create buy-in from decision-makers and help prioritize those actions that will deliver the most benefits (The co-benefits of climate action: Accelerating City-Level Ambition).
• The Urban Climate Action Impacts Framework suggests indicators that can be used to measure co-benefits.
• Tools that can enable your jurisdiction to quantify co-benefits include: C40 Benefits toolkit and Siemens City Performance Tool.

Timeframe for which increased resilience is expected to last (column 6)

• Indicate the timescale at which the increased resilience is expected to last based on the following list of values:
  • Short-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will expect increased resilience to last till 2025.
  • Medium-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will expect increased resilience to last between 2026 and 2050
  • Long-term – if you anticipate your jurisdiction will expect increased resilience to last after 2051.

Proportion of the total jurisdiction population with increased resilience due to adaptation action (column 7)

• Based on your jurisdiction’s total population, select the most applicable percentage range that represents the proportion potentially exposed to increased resilience. It is acknowledged that this selection will, in many cases, be based upon an estimate.
• Where your jurisdiction does not have the data available to respond you can select the option ‘Data is not available’.

Hectares (ha) of natural systems with increased resilience due to adaptation action (column 8)

• Indicate the hectares of natural system affected by the action taken using a numeric value.

Mitigation Actions

(9.1) Describe the outcomes of the most significant mitigation actions your jurisdiction is currently undertaking. Note that this can include those in the planning and/or implementation phases.

Connection to other frameworks

• TCFD: Metric and Targets (Disclosure A)
  
• Race to Zero
• European Climate Pact
• Sustainable Development Goals: SDG11, SDG13

Change from 2021

Response Options

Please complete the following table. You are able to add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

Requested Content

General

• This question requests information about the efforts you are undertaking to reduce community-wide emissions.
• For example, a jurisdiction may have multiple actions within the wider activity of improving buildings energy efficiency / retrofit measures, which may involve different forms of public/private partnership, different sectors, scope, costs or timescale.
• This question seeks to understand the details about emissions reduction projects which your jurisdiction has, including the activities which they fall under, emissions reduction potential, timescale and other details.
• The WRI have developed the ‘Policy and Action Standard - An Accounting and Reporting Standard for Estimating the Greenhouse Gas Effects of Policies and Actions’, this standard can support your jurisdictions efforts in estimating and reporting the change in GHG emissions and removals resulting from policies and actions.
• Note for Brazilian Cities: SEEG have developed a tool to support the identification and implementation of climate actions.

Primary emissions sector addressed and action type (column 1)

• First, select the sector where the majority of emissions reductions are or will be realized.
• Secondly, select the most appropriate action type form the list presented. If the action types presented are not applicable then select ‘Other, please specify’ and provide the action type in the text box that is presented.
• If your jurisdiction is not taking any action, select the option ‘No mitigation action in place’ and in the follow-on field select the option that best reflects your jurisdiction’s intention to undertake an action.

Action description and web link to further information (column 2)

• Use this field to describe the action in as much detail as possible. Detail could include context about the project such as how your jurisdiction identified and prioritized the action, whether your jurisdiction tested the actions through pilot/demonstration projects.
• If available, please include a weblink which provides further information on the action.
• If you select 'action in operation', please provide information on progress tracking and/or ongoing monitoring & evaluation data if available. Tracking the mitigation action's progress is important especially when the year for which mitigation is expected to last lies further ahead (e.g. 2030 or 2050). It can provide you with information on what is working, what is not and if alterations need to be made to achieve the emission reduction set out at the start. (UN)
• If this action has received financing from an International Finance Institution, please provide information on the type of scheme and the specific projects/activities funded, if significantly different to the action being reported.

Start year of action/ Year for which mitigation is expected to last (columns 4 and 5)

• In these fields you are requested to indicate the timescale for which the emissions mitigation, energy savings and/or renewable energy generation associated with the action will last. For example, if the action being reported is the installation of solar panels on government owned facilities the start year is the year from which the solar system is functioning while the end year is the expected year by when the system will stop producing power. If the action is expected to last beyond the year 2050 then select the option ‘2051 or later’, if it is impossible to determine an end year or an end year is not applicable to the action being reported then select ‘End year not known/not applicable’.

Impact indicators measured (columns 6 – 9)

• Select the indicators which are measured in relation to the action being reported. Your selection in this column will determine which of the following columns are presented: Estimated annual emissions reductions (metric tons CO2e/year), Estimated annual energy savings (MWh/year) and/or Estimated annual renewable energy generation (MWh/year).
• If none of the options are applicable, then select the option ‘None of the above impacts associated with this action have been measured’ you will not be presented with columns 7 – 9 in this instance.
• If you measure another impact indicator then select the option ‘Other impact indicator, please specify’ and specify the indicator and its associated value in the text box that is presented.

Co-benefits realised (column 10)

• Please select which areas other than reducing GHG emissions are also improved as a result of the action.
• Evaluating the impacts of wider opportunities/benefits can help build a strong case for climate actions, create buy-in from decision-makers and help prioritize those actions that will deliver the most benefits (The co-benefits of climate action: Accelerating City-Level Ambition).
• The Urban Climate Action Impacts Framework suggests indicators that can be used to measure co-benefits.
• Tools that can enable your jurisdiction to quantify co-benefits include: C40 Benefits toolkit and Siemens City Performance Tool.

Funding source(s) (column 11)

• Please select the relevant funding sources providing financial support for the action.

Status of action in the reporting year (column 12)

• It is expected that a diverse set of mitigation actions will be reported, and that the definition of the status will be dependent upon type of mitigation action (for example the status of the implementation of building codes and standards and a community-owned renewable electricity installation may vary considerably). Recognizing this variation cities are requested to select the status option that most closely relates to the context of the mitigation action being reported, if the presented options are not applicable the select ‘Other, please specify’ and provide the status in the text box that is presented.
• Pre-implementation: The pre-implementation phase refers to actions which have yet to be implemented or yet to be in operation but are undergoing a scoping or pre-feasibility study or in the process of securing funding.
• Implementation: The implementation phase refers to actions which are yet to be in operation and delivering mitigation impacts (i.e., emissions reductions or energy savings or renewable energy generation) but have started to be executed/implemented.
• Post-implementation/ Operation: The post-implementation/operation phase refers to actions which are in operation and delivering mitigation impacts (i.e., emissions reductions or energy savings or renewable energy generation).

Inclusion in climate action plan and/or jurisdiction development/master plan (column 13)

• Select the option ‘Action is included in climate action plan (or analogous document)’ if the action is included in your jurisdiction's climate action or master/development plan. This includes climate action or master/development plans that are published or currently in development but where it is known the action will be included.

Total cost of action (in currency specified in 0.1) (column 14)

• Total action cost is defined as all costs specific to the action incurred prior to operation. Please provide the total expected cost of the action, in numbers with no delimiters. For example, $600,000 should be written as 600000. Please ensure you are reporting using the currency selected in 0.1.

Action description

Funding source(s), and percentage of total cost funded from source: For each option selected you will be presented with a text box, please enter the percentage in a number format i.e. for 40% enter ‘40’. This value can be a rounded estimate.

10. Forest

States and Regions from the following countries will be requested to answer the Forest module of the 2022 questionnaire.

Module overview

This part of the reporting guidance provides additional support and information for states and regions that are requested to answer the forest module. The information states and regional governments will provide in response to the forest module's questions will assist in making comparisons between other governments. It will also help inform lessons learned that could assist other states and regions on their way to tackling deforestation and/or forest degradation or it could help further refine the collection of data.

CDP is one of the Assessment Partners for the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), which is a voluntary and non-binding international declaration to take action to halt global deforestation. NYDF aims to cut natural forest loss in half by 2020 and strive to end it by 2030. There are over 200 endorsers (including national governments, subnational governments, multi-national companies, indigenous communities and non-government organizations), which committed to doing their part to achieve the NYDF's ten goals and follow its accompanying action agenda.

The forest module will allow state and regional governments to report data on all relevant drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation within their jurisdiction. CDP will also provide insights on the role of states and regions in managing the impacts of deforestation and forest degradation resulting from non-agricultural divers including mining. The data that will be collected from the forest module will contribute to the thematic report as part of the NYDF Progress Assessment on Goal 3. For further information on the NYDF Progress Assessment, please visit:https://forestdeclaration.org/about/about-assessment

Current state

(10.1) Please provide the details of your region's current natural forest area.

Response Options

Requested content

• Current natural forest area (in square km): Please provide a numerical value to indicate the coverage of your region’s natural forest area.
• Reporting year used for your region’s natural forest area: Please state the relevant year for the data used for your region’s natural forest area.
• Comments on the methodology used to collect data and quantify natural forest area: This is an open text field with 2400 characters. Please provide any comments you have about your region’s methodology used to quantify your region’s natural forest area in this field.
• Can you provide information on the ownership or tenure rights associated with your region’s natural forest area: This question provides insight into the relationship between people with respect to forests by defining ownership and tenure rights within a jurisdiction. Clear and secure forest tenure is widely believed to be a key enabling condition for sustainable management of forests (Source:WRI, The Governance of Forests Initiative (GFI) Guidance Manual: A Guide to Using the GFI Indicator Framework). Please respond to this question, by selecting from one of the options provided. If “Yes” is selected in this question, a follow-up question will appear to allow states and regions to provide additional details on the region’s forest ownership and tenure rights.

Explanation of terms

• Natural forest area: A forest that is a natural ecosystem, i.e., possesses most of the native species composition, structure, and ecological function as a forest native to the given site. This includes:
  • Primary forests that have not been subject to major anthropogenic impacts in recent history;
  • Regenerated (second-growth) forests that were subject to major anthropogenic impacts in the past (e.g., by agriculture) but where the main causes of impact have ceased or greatly diminished, and the ecosystem has attained much of the species composition, structure and function of prior or other contemporary natural ecosystems;
  • Managed natural forests where much of the ecosystem composition, structure, and ecological function exist in the presence of activities such as: (a) Harvesting of timber or other forest products, including management to promote high-value species, (b) Low intensity, small-scale cultivation within the forest, such as less-intensive forms of swidden agriculture in a forest mosaic; and
  • Forests that have been partially degraded by anthropogenic causes (e.g., harvesting, fire, invasive species), but where the land has not been converted to another use and where degradation does not result in the sustained reduction of tree cover below the thresholds that define a forest, or sustained loss of other main elements of ecosystem composition, structure, and ecological function (Source: AFi, 2019).

• Forest tenure: For the purpose of the 2019 States and Regions forest module, ownership or tenure rights refer to the general concept of “forest tenure”. Forest tenure is concerned with who owns forestland and who uses, manages and makes decisions about forest resources. It determines who is allowed to use which resources, in what way, for how long, and under what conditions, as well as who is entitled to transfer those rights and how (Source: CIFOR - Forest tenure).

(10.1a) Please provide details of your region's natural forest area by different categories of forest ownership.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes” in response to 10.1.

Response Options

Requested content

• Forest ownership category: This field requests data on two main categories; public (land administered by the government and/or land designated for community and indigenous groups) and private (land owned by communities and indigenous groups and/or land owned by individuals or firms). The supporting table below provides additional information on these categories. An additional row is included if the state or region would like to provide information on other categories of forest ownership.
• Percentage of region’s natural forest area characterized by forest ownership category: Please provide a numerical % value according to which your region’s natural forest area is designated under the relevant forest ownership categories.
• Please explain: This is an open text field with 2400 characters. Please provide any additional information you can provide relating to forest ownership and tenure rights within your region in relation to the categories provided. If you wish to provide information on other categories of forest ownership, please use this field to explain and provide additional context.

Forest tenure categories providing examples of public and private designations (Sources: FOA, Forest Tenure in Cambodia, Nepal and Vietnam).

(10.2) Is deforestation and/or forest degradation currently an issue for your region?

Response Options

Requested content

This question collects data on the key drivers or pressures of deforestation and/or forest degradation. The drivers available as options are based on the most common pressures causing deforestation and severe forest degradation in areas where the largest concentrations of forest loss or severe degradation are projected to take place until 2030 (i.e. deforestation fronts) as identified by the WWF’s Living Forests Report: Chapter 5.

This table question has the following fields:

• Deforestation / forest degradation is an issue for the region: Please select “Yes” or “No” depending on your region’s current situation. Please ensure that you review this and change the response if required.

• Current drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation : Please select all the relevant drivers of deforestation/and or forest degradation within your region. You are able select multiple drivers in this question. The options you select will pre-populate in the other questions of the Forest module thereby allowing you to report data specific to the driver of deforestation/and or forest degradation selected.

About the drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation

• The selection of these drivers will allow states and regions is integral if you wish to disclose information on how your region is managing deforestation / forest degradation. The drivers you select will pre-populate in the other questions (i.e. 7.8a, 7.10a, 7.11a, 7.12a, 7.14a and 7.15a) of the forest module thereby allowing you to report more granular and data specific information to the driver of deforestation/and or forest degradation selected.
• Selecting “Mining” as a driver will trigger the appearance of questions that are specific to mining activities. The data on collected on these questions mining in addition to mining-related information on the “Forest policy and implementation” and “Forest risks, impacts and opportunities” sections will directly contribute towards the assessment of Goal 3 of the New York Declaration on Forests.

• Total current annual deforestation rate (%): Please provide a numerical % value of the total deforestation rate within your region resulting from all the drivers selected.
• Comments:This is an open text field with 2400 characters. Please provide any comments you have about the selected drivers of deforestation/and or forest degradation within your region in this field. This could include information regarding the importance of each driver selected in addition to the importance of each of the relevant drivers of deforestation/degradation relative to each other. If “No” is selected as a response to the “Deforestation / forest degradation is an issue for the region” field, please provide some evidence or a reference on this.

Explanation of terms

• Deforestation: Loss of natural forest as a result of the following human activities: i) conversion to agriculture or other non-forest land use; ii) conversion to a plantation forest; or iii) severe and sustained degradation.
  • Severe degradation constitutes deforestation even if the land is not subsequently used for non-forest land use
  • Loss of natural forest that meets this definition is considered to be deforestation regardless of whether or not it is legally permitted.
  • Deforestation signifies "gross deforestation" of a natural forest where "gross" is used in the sense of "total aggregate: without deduction for reforestation or other offsets" (Source: AFi, 2019).

• Forest degradation: Changes within a natural ecosystem that significantly and negatively affect its species composition, structure and/or function and reduce the forest’s capacity to support biodiversity, supply products and/or deliver ecosystem services. (Source: AFi, 2019).

(10.3) What types of mining activities operate within your region?

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Mining” in response to 10.2.

Response Options

Select all that apply:

• Large-scale mining (LSM)
• Artisanal or small-scale mining (ASM)
• Other, please specify
• Do not know

Requested content

This question only appears if “Mining” is selected as a driver of deforestation and/or forest degradation in response to question 10.2. For the purpose of this question, there are two main activities that you can select. These activities refer to the large-scale mining (LSM) and artisanal or small-scale (ASM) operations occurring within the region. LSM refers to the activity of major companies as well as to mid-tier and junior-level companies or to any formal company that complies with international performance standards. ASM is used in a broad sense to refer to all kinds of local and often informal mining activities (Adapted from: World Bank, Mining together: large-scale mining meets artisanal mining – a guide for action). You can select all relevant types of mining activities operating with your region. If “Other, please specify” is selected, please specify the type of mining activity that you are referring to.

(10.4) Please explain what safeguards are in place to protect your region's forests in the long-term.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Requested content

The aim of this question is to collect information on how your region’s natural forest area is protected currently and any long-term interventions in place to manage deforestation and/or forest degradation.

This question has the following fields:

• Safeguards in place: Please select the option that best describes the safeguard or interventions in place for the long-term protection of your region’s forests from deforestation and/or forest degradation. Please select “Other, please specify”, if there is a specific safeguard in place within your region that is not covered by the options provided. You can only select only one option in this field. If you have multiple safeguards in place within your region, please add a new row to provide more information. This field is designed for the states and regions to specify different interventions in place to manage forests. In the scenario, where there are no forests in your region and you selected “Deforestation and/or forest degradation is not an issue for the region” as a response to question 8.2, please select the “Other, please specify” option and explain.
• Web link with additional information about the safeguard: if available, please provide the website link with additional contextual information on the safeguard your region has in place to protect forests in the long-term.
• Explain how the safeguard is implemented: This is an open text field with 2400 characters. Please use this field to explain how your region is implementing the reported safeguard(s).

Forest policy and implementation

(10.5) Do you have any policies that directly address deforestation, forest degradation and/or forest restoration?

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No
• Do not know

Requested content

The aim of this question is to allow states and regions to report on all policies relating to the management of deforestation and/or forest degradation. When reporting on the policies, consider all levels of governance that may influence your region’s work on deforestation and/or forest degradation. These policies could cover those that are specific to the boundaries of the region or those from federal and national-levels. For example, state and regional governments play a vital role in making progress towards national reductions of emissions from deforestation and overall forest degradation as their efforts represent a vital link between pilot projects and full national implementation. If “Yes” is selected to this question, you will be asked to provide information on the policies you have that address deforestation and/or forest degradation. When reporting on the policy description and enforcement field, comment on how the region is contributing towards the implementation of the policies reported.

(10.5a) Please provide details of your region's forests-related policies.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes” in response to 10.5.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Requested content

This question allows states and regions to provide additional information policies relating to the management of deforestation and/or forest degradation. Forest policies deal specifically with forest resources and their management when treating: socio-economic factors related to increasing the performance of the sector; the role of the forest and tree resource in land use and rural development; and nature conservation and environmental protection (Source: FAO – Policy and legal aspects of sustainable forest management).

Explanation of terms

• Deforestation: Loss of natural forest as a result of the following human activities: i) conversion to agriculture or other non-forest land use; ii) conversion to a plantation forest; or iii) severe and sustained degradation.
  • Severe degradation constitutes deforestation even if the land is not subsequently used for non-forest land use.
  • Loss of natural forest that meets this definition is considered to be deforestation regardless of whether or not it is legally permitted.
  • Deforestation signifies "gross deforestation" of a natural forest where "gross" is used in the sense of "total aggregate; without deduction for reforestation or other offsets" (Source: AFi, 2019).

• Forest degradation: Changes within a natural ecosystem that significantly and negatively affect its species composition, structure and/or function and reduce the forest’s capacity to support biodiversity, supply products and/or deliver ecosystem services. (Source: AFi, 2019)

• Conversion: Human-induced change of a natural ecosystem to another land use or profound change in the natural ecosystem’s species composition, structure, and/or function.
  • Deforestation is one form of conversion (conversion of natural forests)
  • Conversion includes severe degradation or the introduction of management practices that result in a substantial and sustained change in the ecosystem's former species composition, structure, or function.
  • Change to natural ecosystems that meets this definition is considered to be conversion regardless of whether or not it is legally permitte (Source: AFi, 2019).
• Restoration: the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed. The purpose of forest restoration is to restore a degraded forest to its original state - that is, to re-establish the presumed structure, productivity and species diversity of the forest originally present at a site (Source: FAO - Forest Restoration and Rehabilitation).

(10.5b) Please explain why your region does not have a forests-related policy.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "No” or "Do not know" in response to 10.5.

Response Options

Requested content

(10.6) Does your region participate in, or endorse, any global initiatives or conventions on forest protection or conservation?

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No, but intending to participate or endorse in the next 2 years
• No, not intending to participate or endorse
• Do not know

Requested content

Endorsing and taking part in recognized global initiatives indicates greater environmental stewardship and transparency. If “Yes” or “No, but intending to participate or endorse in the next 2 years” is selected, states and regions will be allowed to report on those initiatives and their overall involvement. CDP has listed the following initiatives/conventions:

(10.6a) Please provide the details of the global initiatives or conventions your region participates in or endorses.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes” or "No, but intending to participate or endorse in the next 2 years" in response to 10.6.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Requested content

This questions requests states and regions to select the different initiatives and conventions they currently or plan to participate in or endorse and to provide information on how the region’s overall involvement. This question has the following fields:

• Global initiative/convention: Select the relevant initiative/convention(s) relevant to your region. Please note that you can only select one option at a time. If you wish to provide information on multiple initiative/conventions, please add another row to provide further details.
• Please describe your region’s involvement: Please provide additional information as to how your region is currently involved in or is planning to contribute to meeting the objectives of the initiative/convention(s) reported.

(10.7) Indicate your state/region’s implementation of REDD+ and provide details.

Connection to other frameworks

UNFCCC - REDD+

Rationale

• International REDD+ is pointing to jurisdictional REDD+. Jurisdictional REDD+ is based on the premise that results-based flows of finance can drive changes in complex land-use systems across entire nations or subnational jurisdictions to achieve large-scale reductions in carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. This question explores those jurisdictional REDD+ initiatives at high level, providing novel data which will compliment that disclosed in questions on other jurisdictional approaches, presented in 10.8.
• Jurisdictional REDD + programs (JR) are designed to reduce emissions across entire political jurisdictions–nations, state or provinces–with a prominent role for governments. As an effort to better define how companies and investors can engage with subnational governments, we will need to have a better visibility on these existing jurisdictional REDD+ programs.

Response options

Please complete the table below.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Requested content

General

• Through disclosing details on the mechanisms in place and financial sources data users can see how your state/region is currently implementing REDD+ at the jurisdictional level.
• This question will provide data users with clear information on the Jurisdictional REDD+ projects your state and/or region is implementing.

Mechanisms in place to implement the jurisdictional REDD+

• POLICY: you may also include more broad jurisdictional policies which feed into the REDD+, for example forest and climate change jurisdictional policies.

Provide more details on the jurisdictional REDD +

• You may provide information here on project timelines, targets, successes, private sector involvement and plans for the jurisdictional REDD+.
• If you are applying for any of the funds listed in C3, you may give more details of the application stage.

Explanation of terms

• ART/TREES: Architecture for REDD+ Transactions (ART) is a standalone, independent program that develops and administers standardized procedures for crediting emission reductions and removals from national or large sub-national REDD+ programs. The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard, known as TREES — represents the next step in the evolution of global efforts to protect and restore tropical forests. supports transformational climate action at scale, while upholding rigorous social and environmental integrity, by crediting countries or large sub-national jurisdictions that reduce emissions from deforestation, protect forests in “high forest, low deforestation” areas, and remove carbon from the atmosphere by restoring native forests or by planting trees. Architecture for REDD+ Transactions | TREES (artredd.org)
• Reducing emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+): REDD+ is an accounting framework, created by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP). It guides activities in the forest sector that reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as the sustainable management of forests and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries. The framework is aimed at the implementation of activities by national governments to reduce human pressure on forests that result in greenhouse gas emissions at the national level, but as an interim measure also recognizes subnational implementation. The implementation of REDD+ activities is voluntary and depends on the national circumstances, capacities and capabilities of each developing country and the level of support received. (UNFCCC, 2021)
• Jurisdictional Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+): Implementation of REDD+ projects at the jurisdictional or sub-national level. This signals a shift from individual REDD+ projects financed by the private sector to public administrative bodies such as federal states and sub-national governments.

Additional information

• This question should apply only for Tropical and Sub-tropical countries.
• Not related to any question in the forest corporate questionnaire.
• 1) re-framing_redd.pdf (ipam.org.br)
• 2) Exploring the design of jurisdictional REDD+: The case of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia – ScienceDirect
• 3) Full article: Adaptive management of jurisdictional REDD + programs: a methodology illustrated for Ecuador (tandfonline.com)

(10.8) Was your state/region involved in landscape (including jurisdictional) approaches to progress shared sustainable land use goals during the reporting period?

Rationale

• This question is an introduction to jurisdictional and landscape approaches. It gathers data which distinguishes the state or region as a lead or supporter in an initiative and, importantly, gathers data on why a state or region is currently not engaged in these approaches.
• Gathering data on barriers, challenges and the reason for non-participation is helpful to inform future development.

Response options

Please answer the table below.

Requested content

General

• In answering this question, consider whether your state/region is involved, to any extent, in the design or implementation of landscape/jurisdictional approaches.
• Involvement in landscape approaches differ from other local engagements in that the goals and outcomes are defined at the landscape level and reached collectively through a multi-stakeholder governance process and are jointly monitored and reported on through an integrated landscape management framework.
• Select “Yes, we lead landscape/jurisdictional approaches” only if your state/region leads the implementation of a landscape and/or jurisdictional approach during the reporting period.
• Select “yes we support landscape/jurisdictional approaches” if your state/region has taken part in the implementation of an initiative in any way other than leading, through support such as engagement, planning, finance, etc.

Primary reason for no involvement in the implementation of landscape and/or jurisdictional approaches

• Only appears if “'No, but we are planning to in the next two years'” or “‘No, and do not plan to in the next two years”’ is selected in Column 12.
• Select the option that best describes the primary reason why your organization is not engaging in landscape and/or jurisdictional approaches or indicate if you have plans for implementing targets in the next two years.
• If you select “Other, please specify”, provide a label for primary reason for not encouraging landscape and/or jurisdictional approaches in your region.

Explanation of terms

• Landscape approach: Landscape approaches involve collaborative action of stakeholders within a landscape that advance shared sustainability goals and reconcile and optimize multiple social, economic and environmental objectives across multiple economic sectors and land uses. They are implemented through processes of integrated landscape management, convening diverse stakeholders to develop and implement land-use plans, policies, projects, investments, and other interventions.
• Jurisdictional approach: A type of landscape approach that advances shared sustainability goals where the landscape is defined by administrative boundaries of sub-national governments and the approach is implemented with a high level of government involvement.

Additional information

Question presented to all responders – [regardless of answer to 10.7]

(10.8a) Provide details of your state/region’s implementation of landscape/jurisdictional approaches during the reporting year.

Question dependencies

Only appears if the answer is ‘yes’ to question 10.8

Rationale

• In this question, we aim to understand the structure of the jurisdictional/landscape approaches being implemented. Such details include the stage of implementation, sources of finance and the roles of stakeholders/partners involved in the initiative
• States and Regions can show how they are implementing initiatives and use this platform as a tool to disclose/navigate potentially complicated information.
• This question mirrors that found in the forest corporate questionnaire, with potential to align certain data points; for example, initiative name, location and corporate actions which may help drive positive impact.

Response options

Please complete the following table. The table is displayed over several rows for readability. You can add rows by using the “Add Row” button at the bottom of the table.

(*column/row appearance is dependent on selections in this question)

Private sector actions which would drive positive impact in the initiative

Requested content

General

• When completing this question, you may report engagement activities with landscapes and jurisdictional approaches.
• You must only report engagement that was active during the reporting period.
• Add a new row for each jurisdictional/landscape approach you are engaged with.

Describe the aim of the initiative including any focus commodities and your state/region’s role

• Provide a brief description of your role in the approach, including primary shared aims, activities and the focus commodities relevant to this initiative.
• You may include your implementation timescale for the project(s).

Stakeholders and partners engaged in the initiative design and implementation

• Select the ‘lead stakeholder’ and provide their name where specified, if you have previously identified yourself as the lead partner in question 10.8 then ignore this option.

Describe governance structures and policies in place to support the initiative

• Provide details on how the multistakeholder platforms or participatory governance structures that your state or region has in place to support the initiative. Also describe the policy and legal framework that enables the initiative to successfully achieve its objectives.

Five primary actions from private sector companies that would drive positive impact in the initiative

• In collaboration private sector actions can be influential in the implementation of these initiatives, select around 5 primary actions which would be beneficial to the overall aims and objectives of the initiative.

State achievements, impacts and results accomplished so far and monitoring tools used in this initiative

• Only appears if “Yes, we monitor…” is selected in column 9.
• Describe the achievements/outcomes of your engagement within the landscape/jurisdiction. This may relate to (but is not limited to) stakeholders engaged, governance, financing, and monitoring systems.
• Provide details on how you monitor progress in the landscape/jurisdiction, including information on monitoring frameworks, metrics that are applied and data sources (primary or secondary) used to measure performance against relevant outcomes/targets. Indicate whether this information is verified by independent stakeholders that provide insight to performance and metrics.
• If you selected “Yes, we monitor progress but do not publicly report on it” in column 9, indicate if you are planning to publicly report in the future.

Explanation of terms

• Landscape approach: Landscape approaches involve collaborative action of stakeholders within a landscape that advance shared sustainability goals and reconcile and optimize multiple social, economic and environmental objectives across multiple economic sectors and land uses. They are implemented through processes of integrated landscape management, convening diverse stakeholders to develop and implement land-use plans, policies, projects, investments, and other interventions.
• Jurisdictional approach: A type of landscape approach that advances shared sustainability goals where the landscape is defined by administrative boundaries of sub-national governments and the approach is implemented with a high level of government involvement.

Additional information

• A platform of resources to help private sector action in jurisdictional initiatives - JA Hub (jaresourcehub.org)
• Landscape approaches: what are the pre-conditions for success? - CIFOR Knowledge

(10.9) Is there a monitoring system in place to identify changes in your region's natural forest area resulting from deforestation and/or forest degradation?

Response Options

Select one from:

• Yes
• No
• Do not know

Requested content

This question allows states and regions to provide information on monitoring systems in place within their jurisdictions. The need to be able to accurately monitor forest cover and quality is crucial to understanding the costs of deforestation and/or forest degradation. Forest monitoring could include measurements of certain parameters of forests (physical, chemical, and biological) to determine baselines to detect and observe changes over time. Without monitoring and the robust statistics, understanding the loss of biodiversity and reduction of carbon sequestration capacity that results from deforestation becomes much more difficult (Adapted from: Global Forest Atlas – Forest Monitoring).

Explanation of term

• Monitoring: an on-going function that used the systematic collection of data on specific indicators to assess and document the extent to which actions, progress, performance, and compliance are being carried out or achieved (Source: AFi, 2019)

(10.9a) Please provide the details of the monitoring system in place within your region.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes” in response to 10.9.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Requested content

This question allows states and regions to provide additional information on their monitoring process and systems in place for identifying changes in their natural forest area as a result of deforestation and/or forest degradation. This is a table question with the following fields:

• Description of data collected: This is an open text field with 2400 characters allowing you provide details of the data you collect as part of the forest monitoring. For example, forest monitoring could include measurements of certain parameters of forests (physical, chemical, and biological) to determine baselines to detect and observe changes over time (Source: Global Forest Atlas – Forest Monitoring). Forest monitoring includes all efforts to track forest conditions over time, including changes in forest cover and other social, environmental, and economic dimensions of forests.
• Geographic scope covered by the monitoring: Please select from the options provided which best describes the scope of the monitoring occurring within your region. Please note that you can only select one option at a time and if you need to provide additional information on different types of monitoring which has different geographical scope, please do so by adding a new row.
• Frequency of data collection: Please specify how frequently you undertake monitoring and data collection to identify changes in your region’s natural forest area.
• Do the results of forest monitoring inform your region’s overall strategy to managing forests: Please respond by selecting the best option that describes the role of monitoring and how it informs your region’s overall strategy to forest management. Information and monitoring systems for the forest sector are instrumental for effective policies and planning, prioritizing interventions, valuation of forest resources, efficient investments, and engendering accountability. Relevant forest information that is systematically and periodically collected can enable effective implementation of policies, inform decision making, and guide management (Source: World Bank – Monitoring and Information Systems for Forest Management). If monitoring does not inform your region’s management strategy, please use the following explanation field to provide information on this.
• Please explain: Please use this open text field to provide additional information about your region’s monitoring systems and explain the extent to which the results of your monitoring inform your region’s forest management strategy.

Explanation of terms

• Natural forest area: A forest that is a natural ecosystem, i.e., possesses most of the native species composition, structure, and ecological function as a forest native to the given site. This includes:
  • Primary forests that have not been subject to major anthropogenic human impacts in recent history;
  • Regenerated (second-growth) forests that were subject to major anthropogenic impacts in the past (e.g., by agriculture) but where the main causes of impact have ceased or greatly diminished, and the ecosystem has attained much of the species composition, structure and function of prior or other contemporary natural ecosystems
  • Managed natural forests where much of the ecosystem composition, structure, and ecological function exist in the presence of activites such as: (a) Harvesting of timber or other forest products, including management to promote high-value species, (b) Low intensity, small-scale cultivation within the forest, such as less-intensive forms of swidden agriculture in a forest mosaic; and;
  • Forests that have been partially degraded by anthropogenic or natural causes (e.g., harvesting, fire, invasive species) but where the land has not been converted to another use and where degradation does not result in sustained reduction of tree cover below the thresholds that define a forest, or sustained loss of other main elements of ecosystem composition, structure and ecological function (Source: AFi, 2019).
• Monitoring: an on-going function that used the systematic collection of data on specific indicators to assess and document the extent to which actions, progress, performance, and compliance are being carried out or achieved (Source, AFi, 2019).
• Forest concession: the right to use land or other property to produce forest risk commodities, granted by a government, company, landholder or a controlling body. A forest concession is "a contract between a forest owner and another party permitting the harvesting (forest utilization contracts) and/or managing (forest management services contracts) of specified resources from a given forest area” (Source: FAO - Making forest concessions work to sustain forests, economies and livelihoods in tropical timber producing countries).
• High Carbon Stock forests: this is the High Carbon Stock Approach (HCSA) classification of forested areas that should be protected based on high carbon stock, importance to local communities or high biodiversity value. The HCSA distinguishes high carbon stock forests from degraded lands that may be developed.
• High Conservation Value (HCV): biological, ecological, social or cultural values which are considered outstandingly significant or critically important, at the national, regional or global level, as defined by the High Conservation Values (HCV) Resource Network.

Forest risks, impacts and opportunities

(10.10) Has a risk or vulnerability assessment on deforestation and/or forest degradation been undertaken for your region?

Response Options

Select one:

• Yes, risks are assessed
• Yes, risks are partially assessed
• No, risks are not assessed
• Do not know

Requested content

It is important to provide details of your procedures for deforestation and/or forest degradation risk or vulnerability assessment so that CDP data users can consider the thoroughness of your region’s understanding of its forests-related risk exposure. If you have completed a risk assessment for your entire region, select “Yes”. If you have an environmental risk assessment that considers any inherent deforestation and/or forest degradation risks among other environmental issues, please select "Yes". Only select "No" if you have not conducted any form of risk assessment that included issues on deforestation and/or forest degradation.

Explanation of term

“Risk”, as used in the Global Forest Watch’s Jurisdictional Risk Assessment, captures only deforestation that is achieved in a manner that is not permitted (e.g., by use of fire), or which takes place where certain laws and policies prohibit deforestation or conversion. Assessing the degree to which deforestation occurs in these areas helps to illuminate where background conditions may contribute to deforestation risk (Source: WWF – Using Public Data Platforms To Asses Deforestation Risks Within Jurisdictions)

(10.10a) Please provide the details of your region's procedures for assessing deforestation and/or forest degradation risks.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes, risks are assessed” or "Yes, risks are partially assessed" in response to 10.10.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Requested content

It is important to describe your risk assessment coverage and content so that data users can understand the thoroughness of your risk assessment processes and whether your adopted risk assessment procedures are appropriate for the context and risks. Reporting the frequency of your risk assessments helps demonstrate whether these aspects of your assessments are appropriate for the context and risks reported.

This is a table question with the following fields:

• Risk assessment procedure: Select the option that best describes how your region assesses risks associated with deforestation and/or forest degradation. If multiple approaches apply, select the main or primary approach taken by your region and add a new row to provide information on other procedures. If none of the available options are suitable, select “Other, please specify” and a text box will appear for you to add a label that describes your approach.
• Forests-related issue assessed: Please select all the relevant issues that are assessed. You can select multiple options in this field.
• Drivers assessed: Please select all the drivers that are assessed. Please note that the options for this field will be dependent on the options selected in question 10.2.
• Frequency of assessment: Please select the option that best describes how frequently your risk or vulnerability assessment is carried out within your region.
• Tools and methods used to identify and assess risks: Select the options that best represent the tools and methods used by your region to identify and assess risks associated with deforestation and/or forest degradation. If none of the available options are suitable, select “Other, please specify” and a text box will appear for you to add a label that describes the tools/methods used.
• Issues considered: This field provides an indication of the comprehensiveness of the risk assessment, as it collects information on the additional contextual issues that inform your region’s understanding of its risks related to deforestation and/or forest degradation. Please select all the relevant issues considered from the options provided. If none of the available options are suitable, select “Other, please specify” and a text box will appear for you to add a label that describes other issues considered. Please use the explanation field to explain why those issues are considered in your risk assessment.
• Stakeholders considered: This field provides an indication of the comprehensiveness of the risk assessment, as it collects information on the key stakeholders that inform your region’s understanding of its risks related to deforestation and/or forest degradation. Please select all the relevant stakeholders considered from the options provided. If none of the available options are suitable, select “Other, please specify” and a text box will appear for you to add a label that describes other stakeholders considered. Please use the explanation field to explain why those stakeholders are considered in your risk assessment.
• Risk assessment web link: If it is available online, please provide a web link to your region’s risk assessment.
• Please explain: This is an open text field with 2400 characters, which allows you to provide additional information regarding the risk assessment procedures in place within the region to identify and assess risks relating to deforestation and/or deforestation. Please use this field to explain why the selected contextual issues and stakeholders are considered in your region’s risk assessment.

Explanation of terms

• "Risk", as used in the Global Forest Watch's Jurisdictional Risk Assessment, captures only deforestation that is achieved in a manner that is not permitted (e.g., by use of fire), or which takes place where certain laws and policies prohibit deforestation or conversion. Assessing the degree to which deforestation occurs in these areas helps to illuminate where background conditions may contribute to deforestation risk (Source: WWF- Using Public Data Platforms To Asses Deforestation Risks Within Jurisdiction)

• Forests-related issues: for the purpose of the 2020 States and Regions questionnaire, this refers to deforestation and forest degradation as well as conversion and degradation of other natural ecosystems.

• Deforestation: Loss of natural forest as a result of the following human activities: i) conversion to agriculture or other non-forest land use; ii) conversion to a plantation forest; or iii) severe and sustained degradation.
  • Severe degradation constitutes deforestation even if the land is not subsequently used for non-forest land use.
  • Loss of natural forest that meets this definition is considered to be deforestation regardless of whether or not it is legally permitted.
  • Deforestation signifies "gross deforestation" of a natural forest where "gross" is used in the sense of "total aggregate; without deduction for reforestation or other offsets" (Source: AFi, 2019).

• Forest degradation: Changes within a natural ecosystem that significantly and negatively affect its species composition, structure and/or function and reduce the forest’s capacity to support biodiversity, supply products and/or deliver ecosystem services. (Source: AFi, 2019)

• Conversion: Human-induced change of a natural ecosystem to another land use or profound change in the natural ecosystem’s species composition, structure, and/or function.
  • Deforestation is one form of conversion (conversion of natural forests)
  • Conversion includes severe degradation or the introduction of management practices that result in a substantial and sustained change in the ecosystem's former species composition, structure, or function.
  • Change to natural ecosystems that meets this definition is considered to be conversion regardless of whether or not it is legally permitte (Source: AFi, 2019).

(10.10b) Please explain why your region has not undertaken / has not been requested to undertake a forests-related risk assessment.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "No, risks are not assessed” or "Do not know" in response to 10.10.

Response Options

Requested content

This question allows you to explain the primary reason as to why the region has not undertaken/has not been requested to undertake a risk assessment relating to deforestation and/or forest degradation. This question is a table with the following fields:

• Reason: Please select the option from the drop-down that describes the reasoning to your response. Please select “Other, please specify” if you want to provide a different reason from the options provided. Please specify this reason in the text field provided.
• Please explain: Please provide a brief explanation for this reason and its relevance in the context of your region.

(10.11) Do current and/or anticipated impacts of deforestation and/or forest degradation present significant risks to your region?

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No, please specify why
• Do not know

Requested content

Deforestation and forest degradation are major concerns for forest users and managers because it threatens their livelihoods. Deforestation not only leads to a reduction of available forest, it may also have adverse effects on the productivity, biodiversity and health of nearby remaining forests. For this question, please report whether the impact of deforestation and/or forest degradation presents significant risks to your region, by selecting “Yes”, “Do not know” or “No”. If you select “Yes” or "Do not know", you will be directed to questions 7.15a. If you select “No”, you will be directed to question 7.15b.

Deforestation and forest degradation can have severe socio-economic consequences: for example, it can threaten the livelihoods, cultures and survival of people who depend on forests, including indigenous peoples; weaken local and national economies; trigger social conflicts over natural resources; and cause population displacements. When identifying impacts of deforestation and/or forest degradation, states and regions should think objectively of the ways in which these issues will affect their region’s ability to conduct business as usual as well as the risks associated to their citizens.

(10.11a) Please provide details of the deforestation and/or forest degradation impacts as well as the primary action taken by your region.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes” or "Do not know" in response to 10.11.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Primary action drop-down options:

• Adoption of afforestation strategies
• Adoption of reforestation strategies
• Encouraging integrated land-use planning and management
• Enforcing forest policies and regulations
• Upholding customary right and the security of land tenure and use
• Forest landscape restoration
• Implementing jurisdictional or integrated landscape approaches
• Increase awareness/engage all stakeholders on sustainable forest management
• Institutional strengthening and capacity building on forest management
• Introduction of biodiversity offsets or compensatory conservation
• Promoting certification and sustainable procurement policies
• Promoting and sharing information on best practices
• Reinforcing and expanding networks of protected areas and/or indigenous reserves
• Restoring soil fertility
• Setting up disincentives (e.g. taxes or fines for forest clearing)
• Setting up incentives (e.g. payments for ecosystem services)
• Strengthening demand-side policies
• No action currently undertaken
• Other, please specify

Requested content

This question allows states and regions to report on the current or anticipated impacts of deforestation and/or forest degradation as well as the primary actions they are taking to address these impacts. The FAO’s Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Toolbox has a module on reducing deforestation has provided additional information and guidelines on how to address deforestation by:

• Identifying and analysing drivers: Location-specific, comprehensive assessments of the drivers of deforestation are the essential first steps in addressing deforestation. Note that the identification and analysis of drivers should be done with the full and informed participation of all stakeholders, such as the people involved in the various land uses and those benefiting from, or incurring costs due to, deforestation. Care should be taken to ensure that marginalized stakeholders, such as women and youth, minority groups, and indigenous peoples and other forest-dependent people, are able to participate meaningfully. The general requirements for such analyses are as follows:

-Identify deforestation areas (location and extent) using the most recent data obtained from existing monitoring systems or remote sensing, complemented by historical data, local knowledge, relevant reports and statistics, and an assessment of potential future threats in order to anticipate and minimize risk.
- Analyze the specific drivers based on data obtained from existing monitoring systems, local knowledge, and other available sources of information.
- Evaluate the impact of drivers at the local, national and, where possible, global scales, looking beyond the forest sector and considering the relationship of such drivers to all land-use activities.
- Analyze the underlying drivers, particularly those at the international level. This may need to be done using economic and social indicators, statistical analyses and modelling. It should include the mapping of the main actors associated with specific deforestation drivers and with forest restoration drivers.
- Collect qualitative information from stakeholders in order to understand the dynamics of the drivers. Of particular interest are the views of stakeholders living or working in areas where deforestation or forest degradation occur, and those living or working at sites that are showing signs of forest recovery. Such information can be gathered through, for example, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, participatory rural appraisals, and livelihood analysis, including household surveys.

• Main considerations: The following issues need to be considered when designing actions to address deforestation drivers:

-Taking a holistic approach that considers all scales: The drivers of deforestation are dynamic and interlinked and should therefore be addressed holistically. Because they occur at many scales (from local to global), strategies must integrate actions at various scales. Addressing regional or global drivers of deforestation is especially challenging and requires collaboration among countries.
- Different types of interventions: At all scales, three kinds of interventions may be considered: 1) incentives; 2) disincentives; and 3) creating an enabling environment. The table provides examples in each of these categories of measures that might be taken at various scales.
- Actions to reduce deforestation should be formulated and implemented with the engagement of all stakeholders in order to achieve legitimacy and buy-in. Because the most powerful drivers of deforestation are outside the forest sector, a cross-sectoral approach is crucial. An assessment of sectoral policies (e.g. forest, agriculture, mining, infrastructure and energy sectors), integrated land-use planning (e.g. a landscape approach), and the commitment to action by actors across sectors, are all essential for aligning sectoral interests in efforts to combat deforestation. Strategies should take into account the impacts of proposed actions on food security, local livelihoods, and climate-change mitigation and adaptation.

• Prioritization, implementation and monitoring: The identified actions should be ranked based on predefined criteria (e.g. objectives, estimated costs and potential for funding, existing implementation capacities, and alignment with national development priorities and plans). This will help in determining which drivers should be addressed first, the most suitable actions to take, and which drivers should not be addressed, or should be addressed later, and the rationale for the choices made. An implementation plan for the selected interventions should be developed, establishing mechanisms for stakeholder consultations and coordination. The plan should include an efficient monitoring system to enable the assessment of interventions, stakeholder engagement and perceptions, and socioeconomic and environmental impacts, in light of which the plan can be adapted as required.

This is a table question with the following fields:

• Impacts: Please select one of the impacts relating to deforestation and/or forest degradation that are relevant for your region from the drop-down options provided. You can select more than one type of impact by adding new rows when responding to this question.
• Forests-related issue causing the impact: Please select all the relevant issues that are causing the impact selected. You can select multiple options in this field.
• Driver causing the impact: Please select all the drivers that are causing the impact selected. Please note that the options for this field will be dependent on the options selected in question 8.2.
• Anticipated timescale: Please select the option that best applies to the impact reported. This field offers the following options for the timescale:

- Current – If your region is already experiencing the identified effect of deforestation and/or forest degradation.
- Short term – If you anticipate your region will experience the effect of deforestation and/or forest degradation by 2025.
- Medium term – If you anticipate your region will experience the identified effect of deforestation and/or forest degradation between 2026 and 2050.
- Long term – If you anticipate your region will experience the identified effect of deforestation and/or forest degradation after 2051.
- Unknown – If the information as to when your region will experience the identified effect of deforestation and/or forest degradation is not available.

Explanation of terms

• Forests-related issues: for the purpose of the 2020 States and Regions questionnaire, this refers to deforestation and forest degradation as well as conversion and degradation of other natural ecosystems.

• Deforestation: Loss of natural forest as a result of the following human activities: i) conversion to agriculture or other non-forest land use; ii) conversion to a plantation forest; or iii) severe and sustained degradation.
  • Severe degradation constitutes deforestation even if the land is not subsequently used for non-forest land use.
  • Loss of natural forest that meets this definition is considered to be deforestation regardless of whether or not it is legally permitted.
  • Deforestation signifies "gross deforestation" of a natural forest where "gross" is used in the sense of "total aggregate; without deduction for reforestation or other offsets" (Source: AFi, 2019).

• Forest degradation: Changes within a natural ecosystem that significantly and negatively affect its species composition, structure and/or function and reduce the forest’s capacity to support biodiversity, supply products and/or deliver ecosystem services. (Source: AFi, 2019)

• Conversion: Human-induced change of a natural ecosystem to another land use or profound change in the natural ecosystem’s species composition, structure, and/or function.
  • Deforestation is one form of conversion (conversion of natural forests)
  • Conversion includes severe degradation or the introduction of management practices that result in a substantial and sustained change in the ecosystem's former species composition, structure, or function.
  • Change to natural ecosystems that meets this definition is considered to be conversion regardless of whether or not it is legally permitte (Source: AFi, 2019).

(10.12) Does managing forests sustainably provide any opportunities for your region?

Response Options

Select from:

• Yes
• No, please specify why
• Do not know

Requested content

Explanation of term

• Sustainable forest management: The process of managing a forest for achieving the continuous production of desired forest products and services without reducing its inherent values, future productivity and avoiding undesirable social-environmental effects (Source: adapted from ITTO).

(10.12a) Please indicate the opportunities associated with sustainable forest management and describe how your region is positioning itself to take advantage of them.

Question dependencies

This question only appears if you select "Yes” or "Do not know" in response to 10.12.

Response Options

[Add Row]

Requested content

• Opportunity: Please select the relevant opportunity for your region. If you want to add other types of opportunities that are not listed in the provided drop-down options, please select “Other, please specify” and specify the type of opportunity. Note that you can select one opportunity at a time. If you want to report multiple opportunities associated with sustainable forest management, then please add a new row. When selecting the opportunities, please consider that they can relate to those that are:
  • Currently being experienced or are expected to arise in the future;
  • Being managed or newly identified;
  • Well understood or with high levels of uncertainty about the likelihood of the opportunity materializing and the extent to which it will impact the region.

• Describe how the region is maximizing this opportunity: For each of the opportunities identified, please use this field to highlight what your region is doing to seize the relevant opportunity.

Explanation of term

Sustainable forest management: The process of managing a forest for achieving the continuous production of desired forest products and services without reducing its inherent values, future productivity and avoiding undesirable social-environmental effects (Source: modified from ITTO).

Further Information

(11.1) Use this field to provide any additional information or context that you feel is relevant to your jurisdiction's response. Please note that this field is optional.

Response options

This is an open text question with a limit of 9,999 characters plus attachment functionality.

Please note that when copying from another document into the reporting system, formatting is not retained. This could include sharing information on innovative tools, mechanisms or best practices resulting from the development of new or innovation solutions that could be replicated in other jurisdictions.

Terms & Conditions for responding states and regions:

CDP States and Regions 2022 Questionnaire

1. DEFINITIONS

CDP means CDP Worldwide, a charitable company registered with the Charity Commission of England and Wales (registered charity no. 1122330 and a company number 05013650). References to “we”, “our” and “us” in these terms are references to CDP.

Deadline means 27 July 2022 (unless otherwise stated by CDP).

Personal Data means data which relates to an individual who can be identified from the data, such as your state or region’s leader name and title.

Questionnaire means the CDP States and Regions 2022 Questionnaire.

Responding State or Region means the state or region responding to the Questionnaire. References to “you” and “your” in these terms are references to the Responding State or Region.

2. PARTIES

The parties to these terms shall be CDP and the Responding State or Region.

3. THESE TERMS

These are the terms that apply when you submit a response to the Questionnaire. If you do not agree to these terms, please contact us at [email protected] to discuss them with us.

4. RESPONDING TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE

General. Responding to the Questionnaire is free but responses must be prepared and submitted at the expense of the Responding State or Region.

Use of responses. Responding States or Regions agree that their response to the Questionnaire will be used by CDP in furtherance of its charitable mission and that the response may be:

(a) made available as soon as it is received by CDP to its partners, appointed report writers and any other parties that CDP deem appropriate;

(b) made publicly available at www.cdp.net, and through our Open Data Portal (https://data.cdp.net/) and stored and preserved on CDP’s servers indefinitely thereafter;

(c) compiled in CDP databases and made available in original, modified or adapted form for use by commercial (for a fee or otherwise) and non-commercial organizations;

(d) amalgamated with information about the Responding State or Region from other public sources;

(e) used as a best practice example in CDP literature and research;

(f) used individually or as part of aggregate results in CDP’s reports and in any other research conducted or commissioned by CDP; and

(g) used in any other way that accords with CDP’s charitable mission.

Deadline for responding. You must submit your response to us using our online response system by the Deadline for it to be eligible for inclusion in CDP reports and announcements.

Amending your response. You may amend a response you have submitted at any time before 7 December 2022, but please note that any changes you make to your response after the Deadline may not be reflected in any publication or announcement.

Future Questionnaires. Your submission of your response for the current year also constitutes your request to us to invite you and to remind you to respond in future years but you acknowledge that any future responses will be made upon the then-current version of these terms which you will need to accept at that time.

5. RIGHTS IN THE RESPONSES

Ownership. All intellectual property rights in your response will be owned by you or your licensors.

License. You grant to us, or shall procure for us, a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, assignable, sub-licensable, royalty-free and global license to use your response and any intellectual property rights including copyright and data base rights in your response for the uses set out in these terms.

6. IMPORTANT REPRESENTATIONS

You confirm that:

(a) the person submitting the response to us is authorized by you to submit the response;

(b) you have obtained all necessary consents and permissions to submit the response to us; and

(c) the response that you submit:

(i) does not infringe the rights of any third party (including privacy, publicity or intellectual property rights);

(ii) does not defame any third party; and

(iii) does not include any Personal Data

7. LIABILITY

We do not exclude or limit in any way our liability to you where it would be unlawful to do so. This includes liability for death or personal injury caused by our negligence or the negligence of our employees, agents or subcontractors, or for fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation.

We are not liable for financial losses. Subject to these terms, CDP has no liability to you in any circumstances for any loss of revenue, loss of profit, loss of business, business interruption, loss of business opportunity, loss of goodwill, loss of reputation, loss of, damage to or corruption of data or software.

We are not liable for consequential losses. Subject to these terms, CDP has no liability to you in any circumstances for any indirect or consequential loss or damage of any nature whatsoever.

Exclusion of liability. Subject to these terms, CDP has no liability to you in any circumstances arising from the content or submission of your response to us, our use of your response and/or the use of or any reliance placed upon your response by you or by any third parties.

Limitation of liability. Subject to these terms, CDP’s total liability to you in all circumstances shall be limited to £625.

8. DATA PROTECTION

Each party acknowledges that during the course of their relationship CDP may process personal data including personal data which may be provided to it by or on behalf of the Responding State or Region including the personal data of its registered users of the CDP dashboard and other contacts. CDP will only process such personal data for purposes related to its relationship with the Responding State or Region including inviting and assisting the Responding State or Region to complete the reporting process. The Responding State or Region shall ensure that any relevant data subjects receive a fair processing notice which includes the above information and includes a reference to CDP’s privacy notice available at www.cdp.net/en/info/privacy-policy and shall otherwise ensure that CDP is able to process all personal data provided to it by or on behalf of the Responding State or Region for the above purposes in compliance with applicable data protection legislation including the Data Protection Act 2018 as amended by the Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 which merge the previous requirements of that Act with the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation ((EU) 2016/679) (“UK GDPR”).

9. GENERAL

We may transfer our rights to someone else. We may transfer our rights and obligations under these terms to another organization.

Nobody else has any rights under these terms. These terms are between you and us. No other person shall have any rights to enforce any of its terms.

Entire agreement. These terms constitute the entire agreement between you and us.

Variation. CDP reserves the right to change these terms at any time. Such changes shall be effective immediately or at such other time as CDP elects. In the event of any materially adverse changes, you may request to withdraw your response within 30 days of us notifying you of the change.

If a court finds part of these terms illegal, the rest will continue in force. Each of the paragraphs of these terms operates separately. If any court or relevant authority decides that any of them are unlawful, the remaining paragraphs will remain in full force and effect.

Governing law and jurisdiction. These terms are governed by English law and you and us both submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to resolve any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with these terms or their subject matter or formation.

Language. If these terms are translated into any language other than English, the English language version will prevail.

Appendices

Appendix A (Currency)

AED United Arab Emirates dirham

AFN Afghani

ALL Lek

AMD Armenian Dram

ANG Netherlands Antillian Guilder

AOA Kwanza

ARS Argentine Peso

AUD Australian Dollar

AWG Aruban Guilder

AZN Azerbaijanian Manat

BAM Convertible Marks

BBD Barbados Dollar

BDT Bangladeshi Taka

BGN Bulgarian Lev

BHD Bahraini Dinar

BIF Burundian Franc

BMD Bermudian Dollar (customarily known as Bermuda Dollar)

BND Brunei Dollar

BOB Boliviano

BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code)

BRL Brazilian Real

BSD Bahamian Dollar

BTN Ngultrum

BWP Pula

BYR Belarussian Ruble

BZD Belize Dollar

CAD Canadian Dollar

CDF Franc Congolais

CHE WIR Euro (complementary currency)

CHF Swiss Franc

CHW WIR Franc (complementary currency)

CLP Chilean Peso

CNY Yuan Renminbi

COP Colombian Peso

COU Unidad de Valor Real

CRC Costa Rican Colon

CUP Cuban Peso

CVE Cape Verde Escudo

CYP Cyprus Pound

CZK Czech Koruna

DJF Djibouti Franc

DKK Danish Krone

DOP Dominican Peso

DZD Algerian Dinar

EEK Kroon

EGP Egyptian Pound

ERN Nakfa

ETB Ethiopian Birr

EUR Euro

FJD Fiji Dollar

FKP Falkland Islands Pound

GBP Pound Sterling

GEL Lari

GHS Cedi

GIP Gibraltar pound

GMD Dalasi

GNF Guinea Franc

GTQ Quetzal

GYD Guyana Dollar

HKD Hong Kong Dollar

HNL Lempira

HRK Croatian Kuna

HTG Haiti Gourde

HUF Forint

IDR Rupiah

ILS New Israeli Shekel

INR Indian Rupee

IQD Iraqi Dinar

IRR Iranian Rial

ISK Iceland Krona

JMD Jamaican Dollar

JOD Jordanian Dinar

JPY Japanese yen

KES Kenyan Shilling

KGS Som

KHR Riel

KMF Comoro Franc

KPW North Korean Won

KRW South Korean Won

KWD Kuwaiti Dinar

KYD Cayman Islands Dollar

KZT Tenge

LAK Kip

LBP Lebanese Pound

LKR Sri Lanka Rupee

LRD Liberian Dollar

LSL Loti

LYD Libyan Dinar

MAD Moroccan Dirham

MDL Moldovan Leu

MGA Malagasy Ariary

MKD Denar

MMK Kyat

MNT Tugrik

MOP Pataca

MRO Ouguiya

MTL Maltese Lira

MUR Mauritius Rupee

MVR Rufiyaa

MWK Kwacha

MXN Mexican Peso

MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI) (Funds code)

MYR Malaysian Ringgit

MZN Metical

NAD Namibian Dollar

NGN Naira

NIO Cordoba Oro

NOK Norwegian Krone

NPR Nepalese Rupee

NZD New Zealand Dollar

OMR Rial Omani

PAB Balboa

PEN Nuevo Sol

PGK Kina

PHP Philippine Peso

PKR Pakistan Rupee

PLN Zloty

PYG Guarani

QAR Qatari Rial

RON Romanian New Leu

RSD Serbian Dinar

RUB Russian Ruble

RWF Rwanda Franc

SAR Saudi Riyal

SBD Solomon Islands Dollar

SCR Seychelles Rupee

SDG Sudanese Pound

SEK Swedish Krona

SGD Singapore Dollar

SHP Saint Helena Pound

SKK Slovak Koruna

SLL Leone

SOS Somali Shilling

SRD Surinam Dollar

STD Dobra

SYP Syrian Pound

SZL Lilangeni

THB Baht

TJS Somoni

TMM Manat

TND Tunisian Dinar

TOP Pa'anga

TRY New Turkish Lira

TTD Trinidad and Tobago Dollar

TWD New Taiwan Dollar

TZS Tanzanian Shilling

UAH Hryvnia

UGX Uganda Shilling

USD US Dollar

UYU Peso Uruguayo

UZS Uzbekistan Som

VEB Venezuelan bolívar

VND Vietnamese đồng

VUV Vatu

WST Samoan Tala

XAF CFA Franc BEAC

XBA European Composite Unit (EURCO) (Bonds market unit)

XBB European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit)

XOF CFA West African Franc

ZAR South African Rand

Appendix B (Adaptation actions)

Engineered and built environment actions

Appendix C (Mitigation actions)

Stationary energy

• Building codes and standards
• Building performance rating and reporting
• Energy efficiency/ retrofit measures addressing existing commercial, residential and/or municipal buildings
• Requirements which incentivise net zero carbon, Passivehaus or other ultra-high-efficiency standards for new buildings
• Requirements which incentivises net zero carbon, Passivehaus or other ultra high-efficiency standards for existing buildings
• Action to to advance net zero carbon municipal buildings
• On-site renewable energy generation
• Switching to consumption of low-carbon fuels
• Electrical appliance performance ratings
• LED / CFL / other luminaire technologies
• Smart meters
• Smart lighting
• Domestic and/or commercial heat network
• Increase use of clean energy sources for heating and cooling buildings
• Domestic and/or commercial scale battery storage
• Demand-side management billing (inc. time-of-use tariffs/billing)
• Purchase of low-carbon electricity, heat, steam or cooling (i.e., power purchase agreement, supply agreement, renewable energy credit or other sourcing method)
• Wastewater to energy initiatives
• Other, please specify

Transportation

• Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions from bus and/or light rail
• Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions from ferries
• Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions from trucks
• Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions from aviation
• Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions from motorized vehicles
• Improve bus infrastructure, services, and operations
• Improve rail, metro, and tram infrastructure, services and operations
• Improve the efficiency of freight systems
• Improve the operations of shipping ports
• Improve the efficiency of long-haul transport
• Procurement of zero emissions buses
• Procurement of electric vehicles for government fleet
• Advance micromobility transportation
• Electric vehicle charging points and infrastructure
• Public-use bicycles/Bike share schemes
• Awareness and education for non-motorized transport
• Smart public transport
• Improve walking, cycling and integrated transit access
• Transportation demand management
• Transit oriented development
• Measure that restricts internal combustion engines
• Development of zero emission zones
• Development of 15/30-minute neighborhoods (complete neighborhoods)
• Other, please specify

Waste

• Bans or restrictions on single use or non-recyclable materials
• Criteria to design for durability, reparability and recycling in public procurement
• Increase awareness/engage public on waste reduction/recycling measures
• Implement practices and policies to promote circular economy
• Improve the efficiency of waste collection
• Landfill management
• Reduce organics disposal to landfill and incinerators
• Adopt source separation policies (e.g., collection for dry recyclables, organic compostable waste, etc.)
• Ensuring residual waste is disposed of adequately (in at least an engineered sanitary landfill)
• Sanitary landfill with leachate capture and landfill gas management system
• Install advanced thermal treatment/waste to energy
• Install landfill gas management/landfill gas to energy
• Install anaerobic digestion
• Install municipal recycling points or centres (for residents or businesses)
• Install waste heat recovery
• Volume based waste collection policy (e.g., fees or incentives)
• Recycling or composting collections and/or facilities
• Waste prevention/recycling policies and programs
• Other, please specify

Industrial Processes and Product

• Low-carbon industrial zones
• Improve energy efficiency of industrial processes
• Promote industrial symbiosis/industrial ecology programs
• Action to decarbonise building/construction materials
• Promote reduced packaging
• Support green manufacturing
• Implement green public/private partnerships with industry
• Support digitalization of industry
• Regulate / incentivize reduction in use of CFC’s/HCFC’s/HFC’s
• Other, please specify

Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use

• Action to deforestation within the jurisdiction
• Action to address forest degradation
• Conversion of natural habitats
• Forest restoration
• Green space and/ or biodiversity preservation and expansion
• Eco-district development strategy
• Promote conservation efforts for natural areas
• Undertake strategic environmental assessment
• Other, please specify

Generation of grid-supplied energy

• Low or zero carbon energy supply generation
• Optimize traditional power/ energy production
• Smart grid
• Transmission and distribution loss reduction
• Other, please specify

Food

• Municipal/jurisdictional procurement policies that align with guidelines for sustainable, healthy diets (including a shift to low-carbon foods, plant-based or alternative proteins)
• Municipal/jurisdictional procurement policies that support sustainable food production practices
• Public policies or programs to encourage citizen dietary shift to sustainable, healthy diets (including incentivizing purchase of low-carbon foods, plant-based or alternative proteins)
• Policies intended to reduce jurisdiction-wide, food-related emissions
• Jurisdiction-wide food waste mitigation through business and municipal composting, food surplus, or scrap collection for animal feed
• Industrial food waste applications (e.g., rendering waste oils to fuel, or anaerobic biogas and methane capture for energy)
• Home food waste mitigation through compost collection or drop off sites (like community gardens)
• Policy, zoning, or financial support for local food production (such as farmers markets, community gardens, regional agriculture, etc.
• Other, please specify

Other sectoral action

• Community-Scale Development > Brownfield redevelopment programs
• Community-Scale Development > Policies to address urban sprawl
• Finance and Economic Development > Developing the green economy
• Finance and Economic Development > Instruments to fund low carbon projects
• Public Health > Climate resilient and low carbon or carbon neutral health systems
• Water > Water metering and billing
• Water > Water recycling and reclamation
• Water > Water use efficiency projects
• Construction > Procuring the use of zero emission construction machinery/low carbon materials
• Construction > Advancing use of Life Cycle Assessments in planning policy and processes
• Other, please specify

No mitigation action in place

• We are currently undertaking one and it will be complete in the next year
• We are intending to undertake one in the next two years
• We are not intending to undertake, specify why
• Other, please specify

Other, please specify

Appendix D (Target types)

Renewable energy generation target

• Increase generation of renewable energy (all energy types)
• Increase generation of renewable electricity
• Increase generation of renewable heating and/or cooling
• Other renewable energy generation target type, please specify

Renewable energy consumption target

• Increase proportion of energy consumed from renewable sources (all energy types)
• Increase proportion of electricity consumed from renewable sources
• Increase proportion of heating and cooling consumed from renewable energy sources
• Other renewable energy consumption target type, please specify

Renewable energy installed capacity target

• Increase installed capacity of renewable energy (all energy types)
• Increase installed capacity of renewable electricity
• Increase installed capacity of renewable heating and/or cooling
• Other renewable energy installed capacity target type, please specify

Energy efficiency targets

• Reduction in energy consumption (jurisdiction-wide)
• Increase in energy efficiency (jurisdiction-wide)
• Increase energy efficiency of buildings (all buildings)
• Increase energy efficiency of buildings (residential buildings)
• Increase energy efficiency of buildings (government-owned buildings)
• Increase energy efficiency of buildings (commercial buildings)
• Increase energy efficiency of buildings, specify building types covered
• Other energy efficiency target type, please specify

Energy poverty/energy access target

• Increase average duration of available electricity
• Increase the percentage of population or households with access to electricity
• Improve the average yearly energy consumption per capita
• Reduction in energy poverty (population)
• Reduction in energy poverty (households)
• Increase access to clean cooking fuels and technologies (population)
• Increase access to clean cooking fuels and technologies (households)
• Addressing energy poverty
• Addressing energy access
• Other energy poverty/energy access target type, please specify

Building specific emissions reduction target

• All building types emissions reduction target
• Residential buildings emissions reduction target
• Municipal emissions reduction target
• Commercial emissions reduction target
• New buildings emissions reduction target
• Other buildings emissions target, please specify

Transport target

• Modal share targets
• Target to increase low-carbon vehicles in government fleet
• Consumption of renewable energy in transportation
• Other transport target type, please specify

Waste target

• Target to reduce the municipal solid waste generation per capita
• Target to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste disposed to landfill and incineration
• Target to increase the diversion rate away from landfill and incineration
• Target to reduce food loss and/or waste
• Target to increase composting of food
• Target to increase capturing of biogas from food waste
• Target to increase the reuse of waste
• Target to increase the reuse of construction and demolition waste
• Target to increase the total waste generated that is recycled
• Target to increase the volume of wastewater treatment
• Target to increase the re-use of treated wastewater
• Other waste target type, please specify

Water target

• Target to increase water use efficiency
• Target to address pollution
• Target to increase WASH coverage
• Target towards net-zero water
• Target to restore aquatic ecosystems
• Other water target type, please specify

AFOLU target

• Target to reduce deforestation
• Target to increase afforestation
• Target to increase reforestation
• Target to increase restoration of degraded forests
• Target to increase green space
• Forest cover target
• Other AFOLU target type, please specify

Food target

• Target to increase consumption of alternative and plant-based proteins
• Target to reduce consumption of animal-based proteins
• Target to reduce food-based emissions
• Target to increase sustainable agricultural practices in food production
• Target to reduce percentage of population that is food insecure and/or living in food deserts
• Target to reduce food loss and waste
• Other food-related target type, please specify

Air Quality

• Target to reduce PM2.5 concentrations (annual/24 hour)
• Target to reduce PM10 concentrations (annual/24 hour)
• Target to reduce O3 concentrations (peak season /8 hour)
• Target to reduce NO2 concentrations (Annual / 24 hour)
• Target to reduce SO2 concentrations (24 hour)
• Target to reduce CO concentrations (24 hour)
• Other air quality target, please specify

Appendix E (Financing climate action)

• Jurisdiction’s own funds and budgetary means
• Jurisdiction borrows from national government
• Jurisdiction access finance from national government funds, grants etc.
• Jurisdiction issues municipal bonds
• Jurisdiction issues green bonds and/or climate bonds
• Jurisdiction accesses finance from public-private partnerships
• Jurisdiction accesses finance from Regional Development Banks
• Jurisdiction has established a fund to invest in climate-related projects
• Jurisdiction has received or secured funding for climate-related projects from an International Financial Institution (e.g. World Bank, Asian Development Bank, etc.)
• Jurisdiction utilises foreign debt and/or foreign investments
• Jurisdiction utilises foreign debt and/or foreign investments and requires the support of the national government to access international finance
• Jurisdiction utilises foreign debt and/or foreign investments and requires a sovereign guarantee to access international finance
• Jurisdiction utilises foreign debt and/or foreign investments and national/federal authorities have provided or are willing to provide a written letter of support to access international finance
• Jurisdiction uses land value capture (LVC) to help finance climate-related projects
• Jurisdiction uses carbon markets to help finance climate-related projects
• Jurisdiction partners with other jurisdictions to access finance
• Jurisdiction uses REDD+ to help finance climate-related projects
• Do not know
• Other, please specify

Appendix F: Countries Presented Forest Module

States and Regions from the following countries will be requested to answer the Forest module of the 2022 questionnaire.

Questionnaire Changes and Framework Map

Governance

Assessment

Targets

Planning

Actions

Forest

States and Regions Questionnaires and Reporting Guidance

Below you can find links to States and Regions Questionnaires and, where available Reporting Guidance for current and previous reporting cycles. These can be used to understand how the questionnaire has evolved over time. In addition, this provides a valuable resource for interpreting questionnaire responses from previous years. Aggregate publicly reported response data is available through the CDP Cities, States and Regions Open Data Portal. Complete responses for individual cities, states and regions, and corporate responders, including supporting attachments such as inventories, climate risk and vulnerability assessments and action plans can be accessed through CDP Response Search. To view responses through Response Search you will need to register an account with www.cdp.net.